Dense bone islands in pediatric patients: a case series study

Abstract

Background Dense Bone Islands (DBIs) are anatomic variants defined as radiopaque lesions consisting of hamartomatous cortical bone, often presenting as incidental radiographic findings. DBIs can also be known as idiopathic osteosclerosis, bone whorl, focal periapical osteopetrosis, bone scar and enostosis. We found a paucity of literature for management and reporting of this condition in children. For this reason, the authors describe sixteen cases of children and adolescents with dense bony islands and suggest a pathway for management. Case series Cases presented to the RNENT and Eastman Dental Hospital or private practice, either as chance findings or for diagnosis and treatment planning of undiagnosed radiopaque areas. The individuals were aged between 10 and 17 years; 6 boys and 10 girls. All radiographic reports described DBIs. Diagnoses were confirmed by a Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology Consultant and advised no intervention. In some cases, monitoring was advised. Caution in orthodontic tooth movement was advised for five patients. Conclusion DBIs are common findings that seldom require treatment; however, caution should be exercised when undertaking orthodontic movement in the area of a DBI due to a potential risk of root resorption. Accurate identification and multidisciplinary management are of utmost importance.

Distribution of dense bone island in the jaw based on the classification of radiopaque areas and their location on panoramic radiographs

“…In addition, it is necessary to monitor DBI, regular radiographic reports (as in the case of orthodontic treatment), and careful treatment measures to prevent potential damage to the teeth and surrounding area. 13,18 CONCLUSION Based on the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that the most classification of DBI based on radiopaque area was found in type 5 separate with the most locations located in the premolar region. While the least classification was found in type 2 interradicular and separate with the least locations located in two locations, there were on the incisive region and the incisive-canine region.…”

“…One of the orthodontic treatment cases studied by Alfahad et al 18 showed that type 4 apical DBI caused mesial root resorption in tooth 46 and suggested further monitoring during orthodontic treatment. The study by Dananjaya Agung & Lestarini 19 also found DBI with type 4 apical in the periapical area of tooth 48 that did not erupt completely (impacted), indicating that DBI could block tooth eruption even in the jaws that had sufficient space for eruption.…”

Idiopathic Mandibular Osteosclerosis: A Case of Complex Diagnosis

“…Cementoblastoma (previously described in the literature as cementomas, true cementomas, sclerosing cementomas, periapical fibro-osteoma and periapical fibrous dysplasia) is a rare benign odontogenic tumour of mesenchymal origin [16]. It is diagnosed in young female patients, predominantly between 20 and 30 years of age, with a slight male predominance [17].…”

Volumetric Assessment of Idiopathic Osteosclerosis in Jawbones Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

“…Idiopathic Osteosclerosis (IO), also known as Dense bone island (DBI), is de ned as the non-expansive, localized accumulation of trabecular bone within cancellous bone tissues. Even though the etiologic factors of IO formation have not been assumed yet, bone reaction related to increased occlusal forces, the stimulating effect of residual root fragmentation and adequate blood supply, and torus-like developmental anatomic variations have been discussed as possible causes of IO formation (1)(2)(3)(4). consists of 300 cases, including the rst consecutive 150 men and 150 women of the year 2021 tting our inclusion criteria, aging from 8 to 85 years (20).…”