Dense and Dynamic 3D Selection for Game-Based Virtual Environments

Cashion, Jeffrey; Wingrave, Chadwick A.; LaViola, Joseph J.

doi:10.1109/tvcg.2012.40

Cited by 75 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…3D selection has been studied in great detail, and a large variety of selection techniques have been designed [4] [6]. These techniques vary in their implementation, but are all generally concerned with decreasing selection time and improving accuracy.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such example is Dynaspot [5], which varies the size of the cursor as the velocity increases, which is designed to counteract the increase of difficulty that accompanies a moving cursor. Other selection techniques, such as SQUAD [9] and Expand [4], use a multi-step iterative process to aid in target selection. Such efforts seek to improve the flexibility of a single technique, but cannot address the larger problem, which requires addressing the needs of dramatically different selection conditions.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expand is a two-step technique which performs well in a large variety of scenarios [4]. It was designed using an iterative process which is based on the idea of flavors [14].…”

Section: Expandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We are especially interested in dense and dynamic environments [4], but our work could apply to other environments as well. Our two metrics of concern are accuracy and speed, which is how we validate the correctness of our optimal selection technique assignment algorithms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal 3D selection technique assignment using real-time contextual analysis

Cashion

Wingrave

LaViola

2013

2013 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI)

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Selection in 3D virtual environments can vary wildly depending on the context of the selection. Various scene attributes such as object velocity and scene density will likely impact the user's ability to accurately select an object. While there are many existing 3D selection techniques that have been well studied, they all tend to be tailored to work best in a particular set of conditions, and may not perform well when these conditions are not met. As a result, designers must compromise by taking a holistic approach to choosing a primary technique; one which works well overall, but is possibly lacking in at least one scenario.We present a software framework that allows a flexible method of leveraging several selection techniques, each performing well under certain conditions. From these, the best one is utilized at any given moment to provide the user with an optimal selection experience across more scenarios and conditions. We performed a user study comparing our framework to two common 3D selection techniques, Bendcast and Expand. We evaluated the techniques across three levels of scene density and three levels of object velocity, collecting accuracy and timing data across a large sample of participants. From our results, we were able to conclude that our auto-selection technique approach is promising but there are several characteristics of the auto-selection process that can introduce drawbacks which need to be addressed and minimized.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expand is a two-step technique which performs well in a large variety of scenarios [4]. It was designed using an iterative process which is based on the idea of flavors [14].…”

Section: Expandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal 3D selection technique assignment using real-time contextual analysis

Cashion

Wingrave

LaViola

2013

2013 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI)

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“…The proximity and occlusion problems were investigated previously using unimodal inputs such as game controllers [5]. As the Gaze+gesture technique has just recently emerged, no particular discussion is reported regarding whether the existing solutions still suit the new background.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaze Modulated Disambiguation Technique for Gesture Control in 3D Virtual Objects Selection

Deng

Chang

et al. 2017

2017 3rd IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics (CYBCONF)

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Abstract-Inputs with multimodal information provide more natural ways to interact with virtual 3D environment. An emerging technique that integrates gaze modulated pointing with mid-air gesture control enables fast target acquisition and rich control expressions. The performance of this technique relies on the eye tracking accuracy which is not comparable with the traditional pointing techniques (e.g., mouse) yet. This will cause troubles when fine grainy interactions are required, such as selecting in a dense virtual scene where proximity and occlusion are prone to occur. This paper proposes a coarse-tofine solution to compensate the degradation introduced by eye tracking inaccuracy using a gaze cone to detect ambiguity and then a gaze probe for decluttering. It is tested in a comparative experiment which involves 12 participants with 3240 runs. The results show that the proposed technique enhanced the selection accuracy and user experience but it is still with a potential to be improved in efficiency. This study contributes to providing a robust multimodal interface design supported by both eye tracking and mid-air gesture control.

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