Dense 1,2,4,5-tetramethylimidazolium-functionlized anion exchange membranes based on poly(aryl ether sulfone)s with high alkaline stability for water electrolysis

Recent progress in anion exchange membranes (AEMs) in water electrolysis: synthesis, physio-chemical analysis, properties, and applications

“…Under various conditions, including the electrolyte concentration and temperature, the electrolysis performance of dense side chain-functionalized partially-fluorinated PAES membranes was evaluated. 355 It was observed that the electrolyte concentration (0.5–2.0 M NaOH) and temperature (20.0–80.0 °C) affected the amount of current that was flowing. This indicates that the resistance dropped as the electrolyte content and temperature rose.…”

Comb‐shaped block poly(arylene ether sulfone ketone)s for anion exchange membranes

“…Further analysis was also conducted by comparing QFPESK-m-n with recently reported random-type, 49 blocktype, [36][37][38][39] comb-shaped-type, [40][41][42] cross-linked-type, [33][34][35] sidechain-type 11,[43][44][45] and hyperbranched-type 46,47 AEMs, as depicted in Figure 8. The QFPESK-m-n with a medium level of IEC displays higher conductivity and lower SR, indicating the good comprehensive performance.…”

“…Numerous polymers have been explored as the AEMs' backbones, including poly(arylene ether ketone) (PEK), 9,10 poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PES), 11,12 poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO), 13,14 polybenzimidazole (PBI), 15,16 poly(crown ether) (PCE) 17,18 and several heteroatom-free polymers like poly(arylene alkylene), [19][20][21] polyfluorenes 22 and polyalkenes. 23 In addition, various functional cationic groups, such as quaternary ammonium, 10,20-22 imidazolium, 9,11 guanidinium, 24 phosphonium, 25 pyrrolidinium, 26 piperidinium 27,28 and some metal-based cations, 29 have been studied and utilized for AEMs. In particular, recent research demonstrated the cationic groups carrying alkyl chains or bulky groups showed better alkaline stability, which could be attributed to the steric hindrance effect.…”