Dengue Virus Infections among Haitian and Expatriate Non-governmental Organization Workers — Léogane and Port-au-Prince, Haiti, 2012

Salyer, Stephanie J.; Ellis, Esther M.; Corvil, S.; Bron, Christophe; Juin, Stanley; Hemme, Ryan R.; Hunsperger, Elizabeth; Jentes, Emily S.; Magloire, Roc; Tomashek, Kay M.; Desormeaux, Anne Marie; Muñoz‐Jordán, Jorge L.; Etienne, Lesly; Beltrán, Manuela; Sharp, Tyler M.; Moffett, Daphne B.; Tappero, Jordan W.; Margolis, Harold S.; Katz, Mark A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003269

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Little information is available regarding the incidence of dengue in Kenya as only one comparable seroincidence survey has been conducted during an ongoing outbreak, and disease surveillance has been limited [ 11 – 18 ]. Our attack rate was similar to that found (14% IgM anti-DENV positive) during a dengue outbreak affecting refugee camps in neighboring Somalia almost 10 years earlier [ 33 ], and comparable to the rate of recent dengue infection during an outbreak investigation in Haiti which used the same methods [ 34 ]. The only other serosurvey was conducted in western Kenya using banked, paired serum samples from 354 afebrile children aged 12–47 months [ 12 ], which identified three anti-DENV IgG seroconversions in ~1 year period for an estimated incidence of 850 DENV infections per 100,000 persons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

A Household Serosurvey to Estimate the Magnitude of a Dengue Outbreak in Mombasa, Kenya, 2013

et al. 2015

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Dengue appears to be endemic in Africa with a number of reported outbreaks. In February 2013, several individuals with dengue-like illnesses and negative malaria blood smears were identified in Mombasa, Kenya. Dengue was laboratory confirmed and an investigation was conducted to estimate the magnitude of local transmission including a serologic survey to determine incident dengue virus (DENV) infections. Consenting household members provided serum and were questioned regarding exposures and medical history. RT-PCR was used to identify current DENV infections and IgM anti-DENV ELISA to identify recent infections. Of 1,500 participants from 701 households, 210 (13%) had evidence of current or recent DENV infection. Among those infected, 93 (44%) reported fever in the past month. Most (68, 73%) febrile infected participants were seen by a clinician and all but one of 32 participants who reportedly received a diagnosis were clinically diagnosed as having malaria. Having open windows at night (OR = 2.3; CI: 1.1–4.8), not using daily mosquito repellent (OR = 1.6; CI: 1.0–2.8), and recent travel outside of Kenya (OR = 2.5; CI: 1.1–5.4) were associated with increased risk of DENV infection. This survey provided a robust measure of incident DENV infections in a setting where cases were often unrecognized and misdiagnosed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

A Household Serosurvey to Estimate the Magnitude of a Dengue Outbreak in Mombasa, Kenya, 2013

et al. 2015

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“…These findings complement other surveys conducted in nearby Leogane, where 100% of middle-aged adults (mean age 33) had serological markers of DENV exposure, as well as in Port-au-Prince, where, by 3 years of age, 65% of the study participants were seropositive, with all four DENV serotypes identified. 8,22 In 2001, Halstead and others found that 85% of the population had antibodies to two or more DENV serotypes estimated an annual SCR of 30%; which is nearly identical to the seroprevalence and SCR estimated by the current study. 10 Though the SCR suggests hyperendemic transmission of DENV, it was notable that the seroprevalence saturated around 80-85% and never approached 100%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…7 Previous studies have identified the presence of DENV antibodies in native Haitians; however, most recent studies have focused on active infections and/or seroconversion in nongovernment organization workers or missionaries to Haiti; thus, the disease burden of DENV in the native population remains to be adequately characterized. [8][9][10] Furthermore, even though cases of WNV have been reported in Haiti and WNV has been detected in birds and mosquitos from the Dominican Republic, no active surveillance for WNV has taken place for over a decade. [11][12][13] Given the frequent reports of undifferentiated febrile illness, abundance of both Aedes and Culex mosquito vectors, and absence of a national arbovirus surveillance system, a cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey was conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tale of Two Flaviviruses: A Seroepidemiological Study of Dengue Virus and West Nile Virus Transmission in the Ouest and Sud-Est Departments of Haiti

Weppelmann¹,

Burne²,

Fricken³

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Though plans to eliminate malaria from the island of Hispaniola have recently received much attention, arbovirus surveillance continues to be largely neglected in Haiti. To support surveillance efforts and encourage vectorcontrol strategies, a cross-sectional study of dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV) transmission was conducted using standard seroepidemiological methods. Blood samples (N = 673) were collected from 278 males and 395 females from three locations in the Ouest and Sud-Est Departments of Haiti. Serum was separated and tested for the presence of anti-DENV and anti-WNV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-DENV IgG antibodies were detected in 72.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 68.7, 75.5) of the sample population; with no significant differences in seroprevalence by study location, participant gender, or age group (P > 0.1, in all tests). Anti-WNV IgG antibodies were detected in only 1% (95% CI = 0.3, 1.8) of the sample population, all which originated from participants located in Gressier. The high prevalence of anti-DENV IgG antibodies among all age groups, including those in the youngest age group (2-5 years of age), suggests hyperendemic transmission of DENV in the Ouest and Sud-Est Departments of Haiti. In contrast, the relative absence of anti-WNV IgG antibodies, even among older population members, further supports the notion that WNV transmission in this population is largely absent. These findings highlight the large burden of disease from DENV and the need for enhanced arbovirus surveillance and implementation of vector control strategies throughout Haiti.

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“…Emerging infections, such as pathologies not present in a territory but of import due to migrations and higher mobility among workers (for example, cases of dengue and Zika from South America or avian influenza from China), must be taken into account for the purposes of proper health surveillance [60,61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrant Workers and Physical Health: An Umbrella Review

et al. 2019

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Migrants are mainly employed in “3D jobs” which are dirty, dangerous, and difficult, are characterized by monotony and intense rhythms, and are found in sectors with higher risks such as construction, heavy industry, and agriculture. The aim of this study is to construct a systematic review in order to identify the main occupational risks and occupational diseases of this category. Research included articles published from 2013 to 2018 on major online databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus), which were obtained using a combination of keywords (migrant workers, expatriates, physical health, diseases, illnesses, travel, travelers, work, and occupational medicine). The online search included 1109 references. We excluded 977 studies because they were unrelated to physical health and another 64 due to duplication. There were 68 articles which were analyzed, including six reviews and 62 original articles. The main risks which emerged are developing infectious diseases, metabolic cardiovascular diseases and manifesting a lower quality of life, in particular due to difficulties in accessing local health services. It will be crucial to implement the role of occupational medicine in order to introduce multilevel interventions designed to prevent work-related injuries and illnesses, and to promote healthier working environments.

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Dengue Virus Infections among Haitian and Expatriate Non-governmental Organization Workers — Léogane and Port-au-Prince, Haiti, 2012

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

A Household Serosurvey to Estimate the Magnitude of a Dengue Outbreak in Mombasa, Kenya, 2013

A Household Serosurvey to Estimate the Magnitude of a Dengue Outbreak in Mombasa, Kenya, 2013

A Tale of Two Flaviviruses: A Seroepidemiological Study of Dengue Virus and West Nile Virus Transmission in the Ouest and Sud-Est Departments of Haiti

Migrant Workers and Physical Health: An Umbrella Review

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