“…2B). Many RNA viruses, including encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), poliovirus, cricket paralysis virus (CrPV), VSV, Sindbis virus (SINV), Dengue virus (DENV), and reovirus (Gingras et al 1996;Connor and Lyles 2002;Villas-Boas et al 2009;Garrey et al 2010;Mohankumar et al 2011), as well as small DNA viruses such as SV40 (Yu et al 2005), induce the accumulation of hypophosphorylated 4E-BP1, which sequesters the cap-binding subunit eIF4E and prevents eIF4F assembly (Hinnebusch and Lorsch 2012;Roux and Topisirovic 2012). In the case of VSV, this requires the viral M protein, which suppresses Akt-signaling to prevent mTORC1-mediated inactivation of 4E-BP1 (Dunn and Connor 2011).…”