Dengue Serotype Differences in Urban and Semi-rural Communities in Ecuador

Márquez, Sully; Carrera, Julio; Espín, Emilia; Cifuentes, Sara G.; Trueba, Gabriel; Coloma, Joséfina; Eisenberg, Joseph N. S.

doi:10.18272/aci.v10i1.959

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For DENV-2, the presence of the Asian-American genotype in the sequences from Norte de Santander was corroborated, and these results were consistent with those reported in recent years in the region [9,49], and this genotype replaced the American genotype since the early 1990s [9], resulting in an increased number of serious cases in Colombia and throughout America [51]. However, it has been observed that this genotype has evolved thereafter, and evidence on the co-circulation of different clades/lineages has been reported in the country [9].…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It is important to highlight the fact that two Colombian DENV-1 sequences obtained during 2015-2016 were grouped with a set of sequences from the southern coast of Ecuador collected during 2014 [47] and Panama (with a bootstrap value of >75%), suggesting a close genetic relationship between the viruses circulating between Colombia and Ecuador and between Colombia and Panama, further supporting the notion that the DENV flow can occur commonly among countries owing to their proximity [48][49][50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of dengue virus serotypes circulating at the Colombian–Venezuelan border during 2015–2016 and 2018–2019

et al. 2021

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Dengue is an endemic disease in Colombia. Norte de Santander is a region on the border of Colombia and Venezuela and has reported the co-circulation and simultaneous co-infection of different serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV). This study aimed to conduct a phylogenetic analysis on the origin and genetic diversity of DENV strains circulating in this bordering region. Serum samples were collected from patients who were clinically diagnosed with febrile syndrome associated with dengue during two periods. These samples were tested for DENV and serotyping was performed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, positive samples were amplified and the envelope protein gene of DENV was sequenced. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were performed using the sequences obtained. Basic local alignment search tool analysis confirmed that six and eight sequences belonged to DENV-1 and DENV-2, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of DENV-1 showed that the sequences belonged to genotype V and clade I; they formed two groups: in the first group, two sequences showed a close phylogenetic relationship with strains from Ecuador and Panama, whereas the other four sequences were grouped with strains from Venezuela and Colombia. In the case of DENV-2, the analysis revealed that the sequences belonged to the Asian–American genotype and clade III. Furthermore, they formed two groups; in the first group, three sequences were grouped with strains from Colombia and Venezuela, whereas the other five were grouped with strains from Venezuela, Colombia and Honduras. This phylogenetic analysis suggests that the geographical proximity between Colombia and Venezuela is favourable for the export and import of different strains among serotypes or clades of the same DENV serotype, which could favour the spread of new outbreaks caused by new strains or genetic variants of this arbovirus. Therefore, this information highlights the importance of monitoring the transmission of DENV at border regions.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of dengue virus serotypes circulating at the Colombian–Venezuelan border during 2015–2016 and 2018–2019

et al. 2021

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“…These changes may have driven the uptick in DENV FoI in Esmeraldas and the Amazon, which were not previously considered high risk areas. In Esmeraldas, connectivity first increased with Colombia, consistent with the observation that the DENV serotypes circulating in Esmeraldas between 2010–2014 more closely matched those circulating in Colombia than the rest of Ecuador [ 34 , 36 , 62 ]. A more recent study demonstrated dissemination of DENV1 and DENV2 from urban centers to more isolated communities in the Esmeraldas province [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Increasing transmission of dengue virus across ecologically diverse regions of Ecuador and associated risk factors

Katzelnick,

Quentin,

Colston

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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The distribution and intensity of viral diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, including dengue, have rapidly increased over the last century. Here, we study dengue virus (DENV) transmission across the ecologically and demographically distinct regions or Ecuador. We analyzed province-level age-stratified dengue incidence data from 2000–2019 using catalytic models to estimate the force of infection of DENV over eight decades. We found that provinces established endemic DENV transmission at different time periods. Coastal provinces with the largest and most connected cities had the earliest and highest increase in DENV transmission, starting around 1980 and continuing to the present. In contrast, remote and rural areas with reduced access, like the northern coast and the Amazon regions, experienced a rise in DENV transmission and endemicity only in the last 10 to 20 years. The newly introduced chikungunya and Zika viruses have age-specific distributions of hospital-seeking cases consistent with recent emergence across all provinces. To evaluate factors associated with geographic differences in DENV transmission potential, we modeled the DENV vector risk using 11,693 Aedes aegypti presence points to the resolution of 1 hectare. In total, 56% of the population of Ecuador, including in provinces identified as having increasing DENV transmission in our models, live in areas with high risk of Aedes aegypti, with population size, trash collection, elevation, and access to water as important determinants. Our investigation serves as a case study of the changes driving the expansion of DENV and other arboviruses globally and suggest that control efforts should be expanded to semi-urban and rural areas and to historically isolated regions to counteract increasing dengue outbreaks.

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“…As previously low-population rural areas become increasingly urbanized and connected to other rural areas and to major cities, their role in maintaining transmission and helping reseed epidemics is expected to increase [19,31]. In Esmeraldas, connectivity first increased with Colombia, consistent with the observation that the DENV serotypes circulating in Esmeraldas between 2010-2014 more closely matched those circulating in Colombia than the rest of Ecuador [17,19,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Aedes aegypti soon returned, followed by the re-introduction of dengue [3]. National dengue outbreaks occurred in Ecuador in 1996Ecuador in , 2000Ecuador in , 2005Ecuador in , 2010Ecuador in , 2012, and 2014 and since 2000, the four DENV serotypes have been detected in all regions [16,17]. A recent phylogenetic analysis showed both recent and historical introductions of DENV1 and DENV2 in Ecuador that originated from Venezuela and Colombia, while chikungunya was introduced through the Caribbean [18,19] Here, we modeled province-level age-stratified dengue prevalence data from 2000-2019 to estimate changes in the DENV transmission intensity for nearly 80 years and across provinces in Ecuador.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing transmission of dengue virus across ecologically diverse regions of Ecuador and associated risk factors

Katzelnick

Quentin

Colston

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The distribution and intensity of viral diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, including dengue, have rapidly increased over the last century. Ecuador is an interesting country to study drivers of dengue virus (DENV) transmission given it has multiple ecologically and demographically distinct regions. Here, we analyze province-level age-stratified dengue prevalence data from 2000-2019 using catalytic models to estimate the force of infection of DENV over eight decades and across provinces in Ecuador. We found that provinces established endemic DENV transmission at different time periods. Coastal provinces with the largest and most connected cities had the earliest and highest increase in DENV transmission, starting around 1980 and continuing to the present. In contrast, remote and rural areas with reduced access, like the northern coast and the Amazon regions, experienced a rise in DENV transmission and endemicity only in the last 10 to 20 years. The newly introduced chikungunya and Zika viruses have distinct age-specific prevalence distributions consistent with recent emergence across all provinces. We evaluated factors to the resolution of 1 hectare associated with geographic differences in vector suitability and arbovirus disease in the last 10 years by modeling 11,693 A aegypti presence points and 73,550 arbovirus cases. In total, 56% of the population of Ecuador lives in areas with high risk of Aedes aegypti. Most suitable provinces had hotspots for arbovirus disease risk, with population size, elevation, sewage connection, trash collection, and access to water as important determinants. Our investigation serves as a case study of the changes driving the expansion of DENV and other arboviruses globally and suggest that control efforts should be expanded to semi-urban and rural areas and to historically isolated regions to counteract increasing dengue outbreaks.

show abstract

Dengue Serotype Differences in Urban and Semi-rural Communities in Ecuador

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of dengue virus serotypes circulating at the Colombian–Venezuelan border during 2015–2016 and 2018–2019

Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of dengue virus serotypes circulating at the Colombian–Venezuelan border during 2015–2016 and 2018–2019

Increasing transmission of dengue virus across ecologically diverse regions of Ecuador and associated risk factors

Increasing transmission of dengue virus across ecologically diverse regions of Ecuador and associated risk factors

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