Dengue fever – an update review and implications for Nigeria, and similar countries

Abstract

BackgroundIn the last five decades, dengue has emerged as one of the most important infectious diseases, following a 30-fold increase in global incidence throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The actual numbers of dengue cases are under-reported and many cases are misclassified.ObjectivesThis article describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features and management of dengue. It also explores the implications of infection with this flavivirus for Nigeria, and similar countries.MethodsThe literature search for publications on dengue in West Africa was performed using PubMed, African Journals Online (AJOL), Google Scholar, Web of Science, databases and grey literature to identify all published papers regarding the topic. A snowballing strategy was adopted to identify additional publications.ResultsRecent reports suggest that dengue is a growing public health problem in Nigeria, the magnitude of which needs to be more clearly defined. Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa has an abundance of the Aedes aegypti mosquito which is known to transmit dengue, Zika, as well as chikungunya (CHIKV) and West Nile viruses.ConclusionThis article provides practical suggestions for strengthening the dengue virus control programme in Nigeria. The Nigerian health system shares similarities with health systems in many other sub-Saharan countries. Therefore, the practical suggestions provided at the end of this review are likely to be applicable to many other African countries.

Video as a public health knowledge transfer tool in Burkina Faso: A mixed evaluation comparing three narrative genres

“…Of these, 96 million (67-136 million) (approximately 25%) will have clinical signs and symptoms of the disease (e.g., fever, severe headache, nausea, muscle and joint pain, rash, pain behind the eyes) [10,14]. Around one in ten cases will progress to a more severe form of the disease such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome [14][15][16]. Each year, it is estimated that 10,000-20,000 people die from dengue in the world [10,11,13].…”

Stability Analysis of the Disease Free Equilibrium of Malaria, Dengue and Typhoid Triple Infection Model

“…Dengue (DENV), is a viral disease transmitted by an infected female Aedes aegypti mosquito to human, it is also known as 'breakbone fever', 'tropical flu' [5,6]. The disease is caused by any of the four DENV virus (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4).…”

“…The disease is caused by any of the four DENV virus (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4). The infection ranges from mild illness to more severe forms such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) [6]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of dengue has grown globally, from 505,430 cases in 2000 to over 4.2 million cases in 2019.…”

The Global Trends and Regional Differences in Incidence of Dengue Infection from 1990 to 2019: An Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

“…Dengue virus is spread by a human-mosquito-human cycle with the mosquito Aedes aegypti as the primary vector and Aedes albopictus as a secondary vector [ 9 ]. Aedes was originally found in tropical and sub-tropical zones, but now has spread to almost all continents [ 12 ]. Non-vector transmission sometimes occurs in humans, such as through blood transfusion, organ transplantation and needle stick injuries [ 1 ].…”