Dengue and Zika Viruses: Epidemiological History, Potential Therapies, and Promising Vaccines

Silva, Nelly M.; Santos, Nuno C.; Martins, Ivo C.

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5040150

Cited by 47 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 195 publications

(349 reference statements)

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“…Wakefield et al [ 45 ] recommended strategies that could improve the success of information transmission by television: a more frequent and more widespread exposure to information and messages based on an understanding of the types of presentation most likely to appeal to the target audience. An improved understanding of ZIKV-related knowledge and the means of acquisition in a specific population can assist in development and restructuring of public health policies to improve strategies for the prevention, combat, and surveillance of ZIKV infection [ 10 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of Zika Virus Transmission and Its Prevention among High-Risk Pregnant Women in Brazil

Pires

Dantas

Bertozzi

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection highlight the urgent need to evaluate the efficacy of current public health measures to educate susceptible groups about how to prevent infection, modes of viral transmission, and consequences of infection. We performed a cross-sectional study in the city of Jundiaí, São-Paulo, from March 2016 to August 2017. In 315 high-risk pregnant women we evaluated the rate of ZIKV infection, knowledge of pathways of ZIKV transmission, and the use of protective measures. Data were analyzed and correlated with sociodemographic variables. The rate of ZIKV infection was 10.8%. ZIKV transmission by mosquitoes was the best-known means of virus acquisition, while transmission of ZIKV by sexual intercourse as well as mother–fetus transmission was known by less than half of the women. The use of insect repellent, reported by 53% of participants, was correlated with higher education and personal directives from health professionals. Condom use was reported by 19.5% of subjects. Improved strategies to increase awareness of ZIKV infection and its consequences, designed to appeal to specific, targeted populations, are clearly necessary to more accurately prevent the spread of this infection and diminish adverse consequences in the pregnant population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of Zika Virus Transmission and Its Prevention among High-Risk Pregnant Women in Brazil

Pires

Dantas

Bertozzi

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Management for neurological complications depends on the symptoms presented. However, antivirals have been used, mainly acyclovir, in addition to intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, and corticoids [ 151 , 168 , 170 , 171 ].…”

Section: Viruses Commonly Associated With Cns Infection In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral and Prion Infections Associated with Central Nervous System Syndromes in Brazil

Sousa

Santos

Paula

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Virus-induced infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are among the most serious problems in public health and can be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, where these manifestations have been neglected. Typically, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella-zoster, and enterovirus are responsible for a high number of cases in immunocompetent hosts, whereas other herpesviruses (for example, cytomegalovirus) are the most common in immunocompromised individuals. Arboviruses have also been associated with outbreaks with a high burden of neurological disorders, such as the Zika virus epidemic in Brazil. There is a current lack of understanding in Brazil about the most common viruses involved in CNS infections. In this review, we briefly summarize the most recent studies and findings associated with the CNS, in addition to epidemiological data that provide extensive information on the circulation and diversity of the most common neuro-invasive viruses in Brazil. We also highlight important aspects of the prion-associated diseases. This review provides readers with better knowledge of virus-associated CNS infections. A deeper understanding of these infections will support the improvement of the current surveillance strategies to allow the timely monitoring of the emergence/re-emergence of neurotropic viruses.

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“…To date, as with other prenatal viral infections, it is difficult to diagnose prenatal Zika infection because the symptoms are nonspecific, if they occur [ 28 , 118 ]. Furthermore, there are no approved therapies to treat prenatal Zika virus infection or to prevent its associated developmental disabilities when (or if) an infection is detected [ 120 , 121 ]. Efforts are ongoing to identify and test vaccine candidates and therapeutic modalities [ 122 ].…”

Section: Public Health Community and Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of Phenotypic Variability and Disabilities after Prenatal Viral Infections

Kousa

Hossain

2021

TropicalMed

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Prenatal viral infection can lead to a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disabilities or fetal demise. These can include microencephaly, global developmental delay, intellectual disability, refractory epilepsy, deafness, retinal defects, and cortical-visual impairment. Each of these clinical conditions can occur on a semi-quantitative to continuous spectrum, from mild to severe disease, and often as a collective of phenotypes. Such serious outcomes result from viruses’ overlapping neuropathology and hosts’ common neuronal and gene regulatory response to infections. The etiology of variability in clinical outcomes is not yet clear, but it may be related to viral, host, vector, and/or environmental risk and protective factors that likely interact in multiple ways. In this perspective of the literature, we work toward understanding the causes of phenotypic variability after prenatal viral infections by highlighting key aspects of the viral lifecycle that can affect human disease, with special attention to the 2015 Zika pandemic. Therefore, this work offers important insights into how viral infections and environmental teratogens affect the prenatal brain, toward our ultimate goal of preventing neurodevelopmental disabilities.

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Dengue and Zika Viruses: Epidemiological History, Potential Therapies, and Promising Vaccines

Cited by 47 publications

References 195 publications

Knowledge of Zika Virus Transmission and Its Prevention among High-Risk Pregnant Women in Brazil

Knowledge of Zika Virus Transmission and Its Prevention among High-Risk Pregnant Women in Brazil

Viral and Prion Infections Associated with Central Nervous System Syndromes in Brazil

Causes of Phenotypic Variability and Disabilities after Prenatal Viral Infections

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