Dendritic spine remodeling induced by hindlimb unloading in adult rat sensorimotor cortex

Trinel, Dave; Picquet, Florence; Bastide, Bruno; Canu, Marie‐Hélène

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.04.015

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…As a consequence, the decrease in p70S6K phosphorylation observed in the sensorimotor cortex of HU rats should have induced a decrease in spine density and in dendritic length. In a recent study [8], we observed a decrease in the diameter of dendritic branches and in spine length, which is consistent with a role of IGF-1 in dendritic growth. However, we also reported an increase in the density of dendritic spines.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Data performed by our team in the rat hindlimb unloading model (HU), a model of functional hypoactivity, have provided evidence for changes within the sensorimotor cortex. The excitability of pyramidal cells in the motor cortex is decreased [6], [7], and their dendritic spine density is increased [8]. Recent studies have suggested that alterations in corticospinal excitability should also be taken into account to explain the degradation of posture and locomotion in human following bed-rest [9], [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypoactivity Affects IGF-1 Level and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Cerebral Structures Implied in Motor Control

et al. 2014

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A chronic reduction in neuromuscular activity through prolonged body immobilization in human alters motor task performance through a combination of peripheral and central factors. Studies performed in a rat model of sensorimotor restriction have shown functional and biochemical changes in sensorimotor cortex. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Interest was turned towards a possible implication of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), a growth factor known to mediate neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity by inducing phosphorylation cascades which include the PI3K–AKT pathway. In order to better understand the influence of IGF-1 in cortical plasticity in rats submitted to a sensorimotor restriction, we analyzed the effect of hindlimb unloading on IGF-1 and its main molecular pathway in structures implied in motor control (sensorimotor cortex, striatum, cerebellum). IGF-1 level was determined by ELISA, and phosphorylation of its receptor and proteins of the PI3K–AKT pathway by immunoblot. In the sensorimotor cortex, our results indicate that HU induces a decrease in IGF-1 level; this alteration is associated to a decrease in activation of PI3K-AKT pathway. The same effect was observed in the striatum, although to a lower extent. No variation was noticed in the cerebellum. These results suggest that IGF-1 might contribute to cortical and striatal plasticity induced by a chronic sensorimotor restriction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoactivity Affects IGF-1 Level and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Cerebral Structures Implied in Motor Control

et al. 2014

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“…HU model has been shown to induce morphological changes in the somatosensory cortex as indicated by the finding that the density of synapses, the number of synaptic vesicles, and dendritic spines are significantly reduced after the HU (Krasnov, 1994). In addition, an increase in dendritic spine density was found in the sensorimotor cortex following HU (Trinel et al, 2013). From functional perspective, it is noteworthy that electrophysiological results in the HU model have provided evidence that following 14 days exposure to HU, the sensory and motor cortical maps corresponding to the hind paw are decreased (Langlet et al, 1999(Langlet et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Effects Of Simulated Weightlessness On Descending Modulationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of simulated weightlessness on intramuscular hypertonic saline induced muscle nociception and spinal Fos expression in rats

2015

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“…Long-lasting changes in the properties of somatosensory cortical neurons and discrimination abilities have been reported after early alteration in tactile experience (Coq and Xerri, 2001). Hypergravity or microgravity change the representations of muscles in the somatosensory cortex of adult rats (D'amelio et al, 1998a,b; Trinel et al, 2013). The durable consequences of early motor experience in altered gravity on the somatosensory maps are unknown, but a study on rats flown in the space station for 16 days from PND14 to PND30 showed durable changes even after 4 months (Defelipe et al, 2002).…”

Section: Effects Of Altered Gravity On the Development Of Gravity Senmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of vestibular system and related functions in mammals: impact of gravity

Jamon

2014

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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This chapter reviews the knowledge about the adaptation to Earth gravity during the development of mammals. The impact of early exposure to altered gravity is evaluated at the level of the functions related to the vestibular system, including postural control, homeostatic regulation, and spatial memory. The hypothesis of critical periods in the adaptation to gravity is discussed. Demonstrating a critical period requires removing the gravity stimulus during delimited time windows, what is impossible to do on Earth surface. The surgical destruction of the vestibular apparatus, and the use of mice strains with defective graviceptors have provided useful information on the consequences of missing gravity perception, and the possible compensatory mechanisms, but transitory suppression of the stimulus can only be operated during spatial flight. The rare studies on rat pups housed on board of space shuttle significantly contributed to this problem, but the use of hypergravity environment, produced by means of chronic centrifugation, is the only available tool when repeated experiments must be carried out on Earth. Even though hypergravity is sometimes considered as a mirror situation to microgravity, the two situations cannot be confused because a gravitational force is still present. The theoretical considerations that validate the paradigm of hypergravity to evaluate critical periods are discussed. The question of adaption of graviceptor is questioned from an evolutionary point of view. It is possible that graviception is hardwired, because life on Earth has evolved under the constant pressure of gravity. The rapid acquisition of motor programming by precocial mammals in minutes after birth is consistent with this hypothesis, but the slow development of motor skills in altricial species and the plasticity of vestibular perception in adults suggest that gravity experience is required for the tuning of graviceptors. The possible reasons for this dichotomy are discussed.

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Dendritic spine remodeling induced by hindlimb unloading in adult rat sensorimotor cortex

Cited by 20 publications

References 53 publications

Hypoactivity Affects IGF-1 Level and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Cerebral Structures Implied in Motor Control

Hypoactivity Affects IGF-1 Level and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Cerebral Structures Implied in Motor Control

Effects of simulated weightlessness on intramuscular hypertonic saline induced muscle nociception and spinal Fos expression in rats

The development of vestibular system and related functions in mammals: impact of gravity

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