Dendritic Cells: Neglected Modulators of Peripheral Immune Responses and Neuroinflammation in Mood Disorders?

Abstract

Affective disorders (AD) including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are common mood disorders associated with increased disability and poor health outcomes. Altered immune responses characterized by increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuroinflammation are common findings in patients with AD and in corresponding animal models. Dendritic cells (DCs) represent a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells that orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses and self-tolerance. Upon sensing exogenous and endogenous danger signals, mature DCs secrete proinflammatory factors, acquire migratory and antigen presenting capacities and thus contribute to neuroinflammation in trauma, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about the involvement of DCs in the pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on DCs in peripheral immune responses and neuroinflammation in MDD and BD. In addition, we consider the impact of DCs on neuroinflammation and behavior in animal models of AD. Finally, we will discuss therapeutic perspectives targeting DCs and their effector molecules in mood disorders.

The role of cellular immunity and systemic inflammation indices in the pathogenetic mechanisms of mental disorders

“…В частности, у пациентов с БАР наблюдается большая атрофия в префронтальной, височной и затылочной коре [55]. Также большой интерес представляет вклад дендритных клеток, одних из ключевых участников процесса нейродегенерации, в механизм нейровоспаления при аффективных расстройствах [56], а начало БА и болезни Паркинсона с депрессивной симптоматики [57,58] может указывать на первые проявления активации микроглии уже при аффективных нарушениях [59,60]. Это дает основания предполагать возможность разработки этиологически обоснованных маркеров психической патологии.…”

Human milk: From complex tailored nutrition to bioactive impact on child cognition and behavior

“…Human milk contains a relatively high concentration of macrophages and a plethora of immune factors (cytokines, chemokines, and their receptors) with the potential to interact with microglia (the primary phagocytic cells of the central nervous system) and other brain immunocompetent cells, including astrocytes (Bilbo and Schwarz 2009;Salvador, de Lima, and Kipnis 2021). There are direct physical interactions between immune cells (dendritic cells) and the nervous system (vagus nerve) during lactation and, in fact, it has been suggested that dendritic cells may act as modulators of neuroinflammation in mood disorders (Leite Dantas et al 2021).…”