Dendritic cells in viral pathogenesis: protective or defective?

Abstract

SummaryDendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen-presenting cells that are critical in the initiation of immune responses to control and/or eliminate viral infections. Recent studies have investigated the effects of virus infection on the biology of DC. This review summarizes these changes, focusing on both the DC parameters affected and the viral factors involved. In addition, the central role of DC biology in the pathogenesis of several viral families, including herpesviruses, paramyxoviruses and retroviruses, is explored. The field of pathogen recognition by DC is addressed, focusing on its role in protecting the host from viral infection, as well as the ability of viruses to exploit such host receptor ligation and signalling to their replicative advantage. The hypothesis is proposed that virus and host have evolved a symbiotic relationship to ensure both viral transmission and host survival.

Friend retrovirus infection of myeloid dendritic cells impairs maturation, prolongs contact to naïve T cells, and favors expansion of regulatory T cells

“…1 However, a number of viruses are able to infect DCs, and several recent studies have investigated the effect of such infections on the biology of DCs. Although only very few studies report enhanced or unchanged functions of DCs after viral infection, most viruses seem to impair functional properties of DCs (for review, see Pollara et al 2 ). These data imply that viruses infect DCs as a strategy of immune escape.…”

“…2 In fact, there is 1 report that directly shows that measles virus infection of DCs can result in unstable DC-T-cell contacts and, as a consequence, in impaired T-cell activation. 3 Retroviruses, such as HIV, are also known to infect DCs and interfere with their maturation.…”

Critical Role of Dendritic Cells in Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus In Vivo Infection

“…Initial studies of virus-DC interactions focused predominantly on the outcomes of antiviral immune responses and the control of infection (36). More recently, however, it has been demonstrated that DCs play multiple roles in the pathogenesis induced by a variety of viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cytomegalovirus, measles virus, herpesvirus, influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (3,28). In particular, DC participation in the immune response to the murine retrovirus mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) has been demonstrated.…”

A multi-view approach to cDNA micro-array analysis

“…Second, Complex Diffusion is suitable for reducing the noise and enhancing the spots' edge, which would be advantageous in integrating with the ITE process as a whole. Pollara et al (2005). To test the methods proposed, the images in the data set are divided into many regions-of-interest and then processed using the selected methods with the whole range of α and β values, see equation (2).…”