Dendritic Cells as a Therapeutic Strategy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Vaccines

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DCs) serve as professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) bridging innate and adaptive immunity, playing an essential role in triggering specific cellular and humoral responses against tumor and infectious antigens. Consequently, various DC-based antitumor therapeutic strategies have been developed, particularly vaccines, and have been intensively investigated specifically in the context of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This hematological malignancy mainly affects the elderly population (those aged over 65), which usually presents a high rate of therapeutic failure and an unfavorable prognosis. In this review, we examine the current state of development and progress of vaccines in AML. The findings evidence the possible administration of DC-based vaccines as an adjuvant treatment in AML following initial therapy. Furthermore, the therapy demonstrates promising outcomes in preventing or delaying tumor relapse and exhibits synergistic effects when combined with other treatments during relapses or disease progression. On the other hand, the remarkable success observed with RNA vaccines for COVID-19, delivered in lipid nanoparticles, has revealed the efficacy and effectiveness of these types of vectors, prompting further exploration and their potential application in AML, as well as other neoplasms, loading them with tumor RNA.

Causal relationship between immune cell phenotypes and risk of biliary tract cancer: evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis

“…The study indicates that biliary tract cancer patients with myeloid dendritic cells have a more hopeful prognosis for treatment. DCs capable of initiating specific cellular responses against tumor and infectious antigens within the context of humoral immunity ( 57 ). The antigen presentation molecule HLA-DR expressed on myeloid dendritic cells plays a pivotal role in immune response, HLA-DR is a crucial antigen presentation molecule.Myeloid DC expression of HLA-DR DCs enhances their antigen presentation capacity, facilitating the immune system’s response to infections and diseases.In addition,basophil% CD33dim HLA DR - CD66b -CD33 on CD33br HLA DR+ and CD33 on CD33br HLA DR+ are negatively correlated with biliary cancer, while CD80 on myoid DC is positively correlated with biliary cancer.…”