Abstract:Dendritic flux patterns in superconducting YBCO films are studied on a nanosecond time-scale. It is found that dendrites only develop for certain values of the external field and temperature. It is well-known that superconductors carrying high critical current densities tend to develop instabilities in their magnetic flux patterns which manifest themselves as macroscopic flux jumps [1]. A combination of magneto-optics and pulsed laser irradiation can be used to investigate the flux propagation with high spatia… Show more
“…[18] for a review. It is also found experimentally that the propagation speed of such avalanches can be amazingly high, up to 160 km/s in their very early stage [19,20].…”
Experimental evidence of wave properties of dendritic flux avalanches in superconducting films is reported. Using magneto-optical imaging the propagation of dendrites across boundaries between a bare NbN film and areas coated by a Cu-layer was visualized, and it was found that the propagation is refracted in full quantitative agreement with Snell's law. For the studied film of 170 nm thickness and a 0.9 µm thick metal layer, the refractive index was close to n = 1.4. The origin of the refraction is believed to be caused by the dendrites propagating as an electromagnetic shock wave, similar to damped modes considered previously for normal metals. The analogy is justified by the large dissipation during the avalanches raising the local temperature significantly. Additional time-resolved measurements of voltage pulses generated by segments of the dendrites traversing an electrode confirm the consistency of the adapted physical picture.
“…[18] for a review. It is also found experimentally that the propagation speed of such avalanches can be amazingly high, up to 160 km/s in their very early stage [19,20].…”
Experimental evidence of wave properties of dendritic flux avalanches in superconducting films is reported. Using magneto-optical imaging the propagation of dendrites across boundaries between a bare NbN film and areas coated by a Cu-layer was visualized, and it was found that the propagation is refracted in full quantitative agreement with Snell's law. For the studied film of 170 nm thickness and a 0.9 µm thick metal layer, the refractive index was close to n = 1.4. The origin of the refraction is believed to be caused by the dendrites propagating as an electromagnetic shock wave, similar to damped modes considered previously for normal metals. The analogy is justified by the large dissipation during the avalanches raising the local temperature significantly. Additional time-resolved measurements of voltage pulses generated by segments of the dendrites traversing an electrode confirm the consistency of the adapted physical picture.
“…A wealth of recent experiments convincingly demonstrate that a propagating dendritic flux pattern driven by the flux jumping instability is a general phenomenon typical for Bean's-type critical state [13,14,15,22,23,24,25]. Indeed, the flux dendrites were observed under a wide variety of conditions in superconducting films of Nb [13,14,22], YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ [13,15,23], Nb 3 Sn [24], and MgB 2 [25].…”
mentioning
confidence: 89%
“…Indeed, the flux dendrites were observed under a wide variety of conditions in superconducting films of Nb [13,14,22], YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ [13,15,23], Nb 3 Sn [24], and MgB 2 [25].…”
We suggest a new theoretical approach describing the velocity of magnetic flux dendrite penetration into thin superconducting films. The key assumptions for this approach are based upon experimental observations. We treat a dendrite tip motion as a propagating flux jump instability. Two different regimes of dendrite propagation are found: A fast initial stage is followed by a slow stage, which sets in as soon as a dendrite enters into the vortex-free region. We find that the dendrite velocity is inversely proportional to the sample thickness. The theoretical results and experimental data obtained by a magneto-optic pump-probe technique are compared and excellent agreement between the calculations and measurements is found.
“…In these measurements we applied a slightly different technique, using a line focus instead of a point focus to nucleate the dendrites [17]. The line was placed lengthwise across the quadratic sample to divide it into two rectangles of equal size.…”
Abstract. -We have studied the dynamics of magnetic-flux avalanches in superconducting YBa2Cu3O 7−δ films by means of a fast magneto-optic pump-probe technique. Two regimes of propagation are found: in regime I, directly after the nucleation of the avalanches by a femtosecond laser pulse, the velocity v of the flux dendrites depends strongly on the magnetic field, and values of v up to 180 km/s are observed. Within some ten nanoseconds after nucleation regime II is reached, where the propagation velocity has dropped by one order of magnitude and is nearly independent of sample temperature and magnetic field. Comparison with previous experiments on flux jumps in superconductors shows good qualitative agreement.
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