“…131,132 The ionic conductivity of the gel electrolyte is improved through the properties of these metal ions and good coordination with the gel main chain. 62,133 Simultaneously, the composited polymer gel shows good frost resistance and excellent physical properties, such as self-healing. 134,135 Because Zn 2+ is unconstrained and freely distributed in the electrolyte, lower nucleation sites near the surface of zinc foil preferentially deposit Zn 2+ , leading to the formation of protrusions.…”