Dendrite-free Li metal anode by lowering deposition interface energy with Cu99Zn alloy coating

Liu, Shan; Zhang, Xinyue; Li, Rongsheng; Gao, Libo; Luo, Jiayan

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2018.03.004

Cited by 107 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, the further application of LMB is plagued with practical issues that puzzled researchers for more than 40 years. These strategies can be broadly divided into three areas: i) electrolyte modification (such as selfhealing electrostatic shield mechanism by inducing Cs + , [11] replacing traditional liquid electrolyte by solid state electrolyte [12] ), ii) artificial solidelectrolyte interphase (SEI) (such as manufacturing the Li 3 N, [13] LiF, [14] Li-Sn alloy [15] layers to improve the mechanical strength, ionic diffusion performance, and stability to suppress the dendrite); iii) the multifunctional nanostructured anodes design to manipulate the nucleation of lithium (such as Ni foam, [16] 3D skeleton Cu matrix, [17] Cu-Zn alloy matrix [18] ). [9,10] During the past half-century, many up-and-coming methods have been carried out to suppress dendrite growth and achieved partially success.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

S‐Doped Graphene‐Regional Nucleation Mechanism for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes

Wang

Zhai

Legut

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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hydrogen electrode). [5,6] In fact, lithium metal has been applied in space exploration, petroleum prospecting in 1970s. However, the further application of LMB is plagued with practical issues that puzzled researchers for more than 40 years. [7,8] The most critical issue is that deposition of lithium metal tends to be highly dendritic during the repeated plating and dissolution process, which not only continue to consume the electrolyte and induce the "dead lithium" leading to capacity fading, but also face the severe safety problems of short-circuit due to the crack of separator by continuous ramified growth of lithium dendrites. [9,10] During the past half-century, many up-and-coming methods have been carried out to suppress dendrite growth and achieved partially success. These strategies can be broadly divided into three areas: i) electrolyte modification (such as selfhealing electrostatic shield mechanism by inducing Cs + , [11] replacing traditional liquid electrolyte by solid state electrolyte [12] ), ii) artificial solidelectrolyte interphase (SEI) (such as manufacturing the Li 3 N, [13] LiF, [14] Li-Sn alloy [15] layers to improve the mechanical strength, ionic diffusion performance, and stability to suppress the dendrite); iii) the multifunctional nanostructured anodes design to manipulate the nucleation of lithium (such as Ni foam, [16] 3D skeleton Cu matrix, [17] Cu-Zn alloy matrix [18] ). The former two strategies are based primarily on suppressing the protrusions, while the last one mainly focuses on modulating the initial nucleation process of dendrite, before the extension of dendrites into the electrolyte. Designing the excellent LMB requires the joint effort of these methods. However, if we can eliminate or mitigate the lithium dendrite from the initial nucleation process, it will be a highly efficient and convenient measure for its industrial production. Thus, finding an ideal nucleating anode material is very important to solve the dendrite problem.Based on Chazalviel's theory, [19,20] designing high-surface area anode can suppress the local current density and thus improve the electrical performance. Graphene, who possesses very high specific surface area, shows great advantage on its potential application in lithium metal anode field. [21][22][23] However, the pristine graphene (PG) shows poor performances in the actual application. [24][25][26] Doping or modulating the graphene can adjust its performance which has already made some Lithium metal is the most promising anode material for next-generation batteries, owing to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, the practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) has been plagued by the issues of uncontrollable lithium deposition. The multifunctional nanostructured anode can modulate the initial nucleation process of lithium before the extension of dendrites. By combing the theoretical design and experimental validation, a novel nucleation strategy is developed by introducing sulfur (S) to gr...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

S‐Doped Graphene‐Regional Nucleation Mechanism for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes

Wang

Zhai

Legut

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Similarly, Hu's group reported that ultrafine Ag NPs on CNFs synthesized by Joule heating method can act as uniform Li nucleation sites . Toward Cu‐based substrates, Cu 99 Zn alloy coated planar and 3D Cu current collectors synthesized by magnetic sputtering strategy (Figure b) were designed to guide even and smooth deposition morphology without dendrite formation . Except for the above‐mentioned alloying reactions, lithiophilic nucleation sites can also be introduced by electrostatic interactions.…”

Section: Controlling Li+ Flux For Dendrite‐free LI Metal Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Li Ion Flux through Materials Innovation for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes

Wang

Ren

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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130

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Lithium (Li) metal with high theoretical capacity and the lowest electrochemical potential has been proposed as the ideal anode for high-energy-density rechargeable battery systems. However, the practical commercialization of Li metal anodes is precluded by a short lifespan and safety problems caused by their intrinsically high reductivity, infinite volume change, and uncontrollable dendrite growth during deposition and dissolution processes. Plenty of strategies have been introduced to solve the above-mentioned problems. Among these, controlling Li + flux plays a vital role to directly influence the plating and stripping process. In this work, the fundamental effect of Li + flux distribution on Li nucleation and early dendrite growth is discussed. Then, recent strategies of controlling Li + flux to suppress dendrite formation and growth through materials design are summarized, including homogenizing Li + flux, localizing Li + flux, and guiding gradient Li + distribution. Finally, underexplored materials are proposed and explored to control Li + flux and further directions for dendrite-free Li anodes. It is expected that this progress report will help to deepen the understanding of Li + flow tuning and morphology control of Li anodes and eventually facilitate the practical application of Li metal batteries.

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“…N‐doped graphene, glass fibers (GFs), and metal‐,organic framework (MOF) materials which have many polar functional groups to generate a high binding energy with Li + to overcome the electrostatic interactions between Li + and the protrusions, avoiding Li + accumulating locally. For another strategy, substrates having a definite solubility to lithium can form solid‐solution buffer layers before lithium deposition, which can effectively eliminate nucleation barriers (Figure a) . Taking advantage of this phenomenon, nucleation seeds (e.g.…”

Section: Electrodeposition Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Uniform Li electroplating. a) Li plating process on the Cu 99 Zn substrates . b) Li + and electron transport within MIEC scaffolds during lithium deposition .…”

Section: Electrodeposition Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Electroplating Process for Lithium‐Metal Anodes for Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2020

Angewandte Chemie

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Electroplating has been studied for centuries, not only in the laboratory but also in industry for machinery, electronics, automobile, aviation, and other fields. The lithium‐metal anode is the Holy Grail electrode because of its high energy density. But the recyclability of lithium‐metal batteries remains quite challenging. The essence of both conventional electroplating and lithium plating is the same, reduction of metal cations. Thus, industrial electroplating knowledge can be applied to revisit the electroplating process for lithium‐metal anodes. In conventional electroplating, some strategies like using additives, modifying substrates, applying pulse current, and agitating electrolyte have been explored to suppress dendrite growth. These methods are also effective in lithium‐metal anodes. Inspired by that, we revisit the fundamental electroplating theory for lithium‐metal anodes in this Minireview, mainly drawing attention to the theory of electroplating thermodynamics and kinetics. Analysis of essential differences between traditional electroplating and plating/stripping of lithium‐metal anodes is also presented. Thus, industrial electroplating knowledge can be applied to the electroplating process of lithium‐metal anodes to improve commercial lithium‐metal batteries and the study of lithium plating/stripping can further enrich the classical electroplating technique.

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Dendrite-free Li metal anode by lowering deposition interface energy with Cu99Zn alloy coating

Cited by 107 publications

References 32 publications

S‐Doped Graphene‐Regional Nucleation Mechanism for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes

S‐Doped Graphene‐Regional Nucleation Mechanism for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes

Controlling Li Ion Flux through Materials Innovation for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes

Revisiting the Electroplating Process for Lithium‐Metal Anodes for Lithium‐Metal Batteries

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