Dendrimer-reinforced sol-gel based hollow fiber solid-phase microextraction for citalopram determination using response surface methodology

Abstract

The inclusion of a polyamidoamine dendrimer in a silica sol-gel yielded a solid nanosorbent that was used for the preconcentration, extraction, and determination of citalopram in hospital waste water, hemodialysis solution, and some drinking water. The method was developed by applying a novel nanosorbent for the solid-phase microextraction of citalopram, containing a silica sol-gel reinforced by polyamidoamine second-generation dendrimer, which was protected by a polypropylene hollow fiber. Plackett-Burman design and central composite design were utilized to evaluate the significance of several factors on the extraction efficiency. The adsorption mechanism and thermodynamic and kinetic aspects were studied. The adsorption process was exothermic and well fitted to the Bangham equation kinetic model. Under optimal conditions, the presented method was liner in the range of 0.05-100 μg/mL. The limits of detection of quantification of citalopram were 0.0095 and 0.031 μg m/L, respectively.

Identification of ligands from natural products as inhibitors of glutathione S‐transferases using enzyme immobilized mesoporous magnetic beads with high‐performance liquid chromatography plus quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and molecular docking

“…However, it is complicated, labour‐intensive and time‐consuming to identify and isolate bioactive compounds from the numerous complex compounds in herb materials. To overcome these disadvantages, various techniques have been developed, including membrane separation , affinity selection ultrafiltration , and enzyme immobilization . For instance, Choi et al.…”

“…However, it is complicated, labour-intensive and time-consuming to identify and isolate bioactive compounds from the numerous complex compounds in herb materials. To overcome these disadvantages, various techniques have been developed, including membrane separation [14,15], affinity selection ultrafiltration [16], and enzyme immobilization [17]. For instance, Choi et al [18] successfully identified eupatilin from Artemisia argyi as a PPARα agonist inhibitor by using ultrafiltration, which has emerged in the recent decade as a new method to isolate bioactive compounds due to its simple operation and satisfactory high-throughput screening.…”

A novel sorbent based on carbon nanotube/amino‐functionalized sol–gel for the headspace solid‐phase microextraction of α‐bisabolol from medicinal plant samples using experimental design

“…SPME, which involves the use of a thin polymer‐coated fiber for the extraction of analytes, has a wide variety of applications . SPME fibers have been prepared using various methods, that is, physical deposition , electrochemical deposition , and sol–gel techniques .…”

Sol–gel niobia sorbent with a positively charged octadecyl ligand providing enhanced enrichment of nucleotides and organophosphorus pesticides in capillary microextraction for online HPLC analysis

“…Advantages of the sol–gel coating technique include ability to provide direct chemical bonding to the substrate, coatings with high porous structure, thermal, chemical, and solvent stability of the created sorbent coatings. These advantages of sol–gel coating techniques paved the way for its application in SPME popularly used in a variety of analytical fields including biomedical , environmental , food , etc. The introduction of sol–gel coatings in SPME by Malik et al.…”

“…stability of the created sorbent coatings. These advantages of sol-gel coating techniques paved the way for its application in SPME [5] popularly used in a variety of analytical fields including biomedical [6], environmental [7], food [8], etc. The introduction of sol-gel coatings in SPME by Malik et al [9] played a significant role in further expansion of the analytical scope of SPME and other microextraction techniques.…”