Den-site selection at multiple scales by the red fox (Vulpes vulpes subsp. montana) in a patchy human-dominated landscape

Zaman, Muhammad; Tolhurst, Bryony A.; Zhu, Mengyan; Jiang, Guangshun

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01136

Cited by 9 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Third, the GLMMs were fitted using the R package lme 4 and MuMIn (Yang et al, 2019 ). We used stepAIC to select the most parsimonious model at delta AICc ≤2 (Zaman et al, 2019 ; Zaman, Tolhurst, et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal activity patterns of North China leopards and their prey in response to moonlight and habitat factors

Zaman

Roberts

Zhu

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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The nocturnal activities of predators and prey are influenced by several factors, including physiological adaptations, habitat quality and, we suspect, corresponds to changes in brightness of moonlight according to moon phase. In this study, we used a dataset from 102 camera traps to explore which factors are related to the activity pattern of North China leopards ( Panthera pardus japonensis ) in Shanxi Tieqiaoshan Provincial Nature Reserve (TPNR), China. We found that nocturnal activities of leopards were irregular during four different lunar phases, and while not strictly lunar philic or lunar phobic, their temporal activity was highest during the brighter moon phases (especially the last quarter) and lower during the new moon phase. On the contrary, roe deer ( Capreolus pygargus ) exhibited lunar philic activity, while wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) and tolai hare ( Lepus tolai ) were evidently lunar phobic, with high and low temporal activity during the full moon, respectively. In terms of temporal overlap, there was positive overlap between leopards and their prey species, including roe deer and tolai hare, while leopard activity did not dip to the same low level of wild boar during the full moon phase. Human activities also more influenced the temporal activity of leopards and wild boar than other species investigated. Generally, our results suggested that besides moonlight risk index (MRI), cloud cover and season have diverse effects on leopard and prey nocturnal activity. Finally, distinct daytime and nighttime habitats were identified, with leopards, wild boar, and tolai hare all using lower elevations at night and higher elevations during the day, while leopards and roe deer were closer to secondary roads during the day than at night.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal activity patterns of North China leopards and their prey in response to moonlight and habitat factors

Zaman

Roberts

Zhu

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The outcome of the logistic regression analysis also supports this because the OR of SPEC showed that the jackal is five times more likely to become infected than the red fox. Both carnivores usually prefer diverse habitats and their feeding activity could be localized to meadows and pastures where their decisive preys (vole species) are abundant [14][15][16]. The high-rated Echinococcus clusters formed in areas where the mosaic-structured landscape was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-Epidemiological Investigation of Echinococcus multilocularis in Wild Hosts from an Endemic Area of Southwestern Hungary

Halász

Nagy

et al. 2021

Parasitologia

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Echinococcus multilocularis is a tapeworm causing severe zoonotic disease in temperate Europe. Between 2018 and 2020, 68 golden jackals and 94 red foxes were investigated to determine the prevalence of E. multilocularis infection and its driving factors. The overall prevalence (golden jackal: 41.2%; red fox: 12.5%) significantly differed, whereas the mean intensities did not. The spatial scan statistics revealed three significant clusters of E. multilocularis infection. The binary logistic and ordinal regression results revealed that the golden jackal is more likely to become infected than the red fox, and the probability of infection level was also higher in jackals. Our findings highlight the golden jackal’s role, which could be as important as the red fox in the spread of this severe zoonotic agent. This micro-epidemiological approach can advance the knowledge on local drivers which facilitate the spread of E. multilocularis and could cause a relevant public health problem on the continent.

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“…Third, the GLMMs were fitted using the R package lme 4 and MuMIn (Yang et al, 2019).We used stepAIC to select the most parsimonious model at delta AICc [?] 2 (Zaman et al, 2019, Zaman et al, 2020b.…”

Section: Model Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, if a species was less active during the full moon or other lunar phase at the nighttime (lunar phobic), we examined whether that species shifted to being more active during daylight (full moon day or other moon phases) hours to compensate for the time 'lost' by being less active at night during the full moon phase. For each activity during night vs day events, ROC was used to define the accuracy of a classification model at the user-defined threshold value of 0.5 (Zaman et al, 2020b), and area under the curve (AUC) score of [?] 0.7 (Jiang et al, 2015) and also ran a Shapiro-Wilk's test and graphic examination of histograms were made to confirm that the data were normally distributed.…”

Section: Model Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used a Logistic Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Model (GLMM) with the designation of day or night activity capturing events during four moon phases only set as the binary response variable (0 all moon phases of day, 1 all moon phases of night, i.e., day vs. night ). Habitat factors were included as explanatory variables and the camera trap identity was considered a random effect in our model to differentiate between the effects of non-dependent variables, removing when not a random effect (Yang et al, 2019, Zaman et al, 2019, Zaman et al, 2020b and packages rocr, lmtest, car and package lme 4 and MuMIn were used for Logistic Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Model (GLMM) and all the analysis were computed in R statistical software V.3.5.1 package (www.r-project.org, R Core Development Team 2018).…”

Section: Model Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal activity patterns of North China leopards and their prey in response to moonlight and habitat factors

Zaman

Roberts

Zhu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The nocturnal activities of predators and prey are influenced by several factors, including physiological adaptations, habitat quality and, we suspect, corresponds to changes in brightness of moonlight according to moon phase. In this study, we used a dataset from 102 camera traps to explore which factors are related with the activity pattern of North China leopards (Panthera pardus japonensis) in Shanxi Tieqiaoshan Provincial Nature Reserve (TPNR), China. We found that nocturnal activities of leopards were irregular during four different lunar phases, and while not strictly lunar philic or lunar phobic, their temporal activity was highest during the brighter moon phases (especially the last quarter) and lower during the new moon phase. On the contrary, roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) exhibited lunar philic activity, while wild boar (Sus scrofa) and Tolai hare (Lepus tolai) were evidently lunar phobic, with high and low temporal activity during the full moon, respectively. In terms of temporal overlap, that there was positive overlap between leopards and their prey species, including roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and Tolai hare (Lepus tolai), while leopard activity did not dip to the same low level of wild boar during the full moon phase. Generally, our results suggested that besides moonlight risk index (MRI), cloud cover and season have diverse effects on leopard and prey nocturnal activity. Finally, distinct daytime and nighttime habitats were identified, with leopards, wild boar and Tolai hare all using lower elevations at night and higher elevations during the day, while leopards and roe deer were closer to secondary roads during the day than at night.

show abstract

Den-site selection at multiple scales by the red fox (Vulpes vulpes subsp. montana) in a patchy human-dominated landscape

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Temporal activity patterns of North China leopards and their prey in response to moonlight and habitat factors

Temporal activity patterns of North China leopards and their prey in response to moonlight and habitat factors

Micro-Epidemiological Investigation of Echinococcus multilocularis in Wild Hosts from an Endemic Area of Southwestern Hungary

Temporal activity patterns of North China leopards and their prey in response to moonlight and habitat factors

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