Demonstrator devices for artificial photosynthesis: general discussion

Abe, Ryu; Aitchison, Catherine M.; Andrei, Virgil; Beller, Matthias; Cheung, Daniel Wun Fung; Creissen, Charles E.; O’Shea, Víctor A. de la Peña; Durrant, James R.; Grätzel, Michaël; Hammarström, Leif; Haussener, Sophia; In, Su Il; Kalamaras, Evangelos; Kudo, Akihiko; Kuehnel, Moritz F.; Kunturu, Pramod Patil; Lai, Yi Hsuan; Lee, Chong; Maneiro, Marcelino; Moore, Elaine; Nguyën, Huu Chuong; Paris, Aubrey R.; Pornrungroj, Chanon; Reek, Joost N. H.; Reisner, Erwin; Schreck, Murielle; Smith, Wilson A.; Soo, Han Sen; Sprick, Reiner Sebastian; Venugopal, Anirudh; Wang, Qian; Wielend, Dominik; Zwijnenburg, Martijn A.

doi:10.1039/c9fd90023c

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Conversely, devices which contain separate modules for light absorption/charge separation and catalysis may be optimized individually to produce the highest efficiencies but only at (what are currently) unfeasibly high balance of system/capital costs. [ 102 ] As a result of the different strengths and weaknesses across the technology spectrum, there is a divergent focus of research in these distinct fields, with an aim of bringing down costs through innovative fabrication procedures, concentration/heat management strategies, or by using lower cost photovoltaic materials in more modular devices, such as electrolyzers coupled to PV (PV + E), [ 105–107 ] while greater focus on efficiency is found in the PEC and PCWS communities. [ 108,109 ] These distinctions also lead to different barriers for device scale‐up.…”

Section: Principles Of Pec Water Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 145 ] This is not to say that new materials should be excluded on the basis of a preliminary analysis or screening, as it is not always easy to distinguish fundamental limitations in charge transport properties’ deficiencies arising from suboptimal synthesis conditions in a new material. [ 106 ] Further, the study of non‐viable materials such TiO 2 and α‐Fe 2 O 3 as model systems forms the foundation for understanding how novel materials can be improved, and has furthered knowledge of how to form a consensus on the viability of new materials.…”

Section: Materials Choice For Pec Water Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the promising PEC water splitting performance found in the ternary transition metal oxide BiVO 4 , alternative ternary and quaternary systems have been explored in an effort to develop more efficient photoelectrodes. [ 106 ] This includes transition metal cuprates, [ 220 ] ferrites, [ 221 ] niobates, [ 176 ] titanates, [ 222 ] tungstates, [ 223 ] and vanadates. [ 224 ] A selection of promising examples are highlighted below.…”

Section: Materials Choice For Pec Water Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Inorganic Photoelectrode Developments and Reactor Scale‐Up Challenges for Solar Hydrogen Production

Moss

Babacan

Kafizas

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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Green hydrogen, produced using solar energy, is a promising means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting devices can produce hydrogen using sunlight and integrate the distinct functions of photovoltaics and electrolyzers in a single device. There is flexibility in the degree of integration between these electrical and chemical energy generating components, and so a plethora of archetypal PEC device designs has emerged. Although some materials have effectively been ruled out for use in commercial PEC devices, many principles of material design and synthesis have been learned. Here, the fundamental requirements of PEC materials, the top performances of the most widely studied inorganic photoelectrode materials, and reactor structures reported for unassisted solar water splitting are revisited. The main phenomena limiting the performance of up‐scaled PEC devices are discussed, showing that engineering must be considered in parallel with material development for the future piloting of PEC water splitting systems. To establish the future commercial viability of this technology, more accurate techno‐economic analyses should be carried out using data from larger scale demonstrations, and hence more durable and efficient PEC systems need to be developed that meet the challenges imposed from both material and engineering perspectives.

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Section: Principles Of Pec Water Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials Choice For Pec Water Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials Choice For Pec Water Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review of Inorganic Photoelectrode Developments and Reactor Scale‐Up Challenges for Solar Hydrogen Production

Moss

Babacan

Kafizas

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…The direct conversion of solar energy into chemical fuel (molecular hydrogen, H 2 ) by water splitting is the most promising approach and can be performed via photochemical or thermochemical processes. Photochemical processes are low‐cost and have an unlimited energy base, whereas thermochemical processes suffer from immature technological readiness [41–45] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photochemical processes are low-cost and have an unlimited energy base, whereas thermochemical processes suffer from immature technological readiness. [41][42][43][44][45] Photochemical water splitting utilizing solar irradiance can be divided into two categories: (i) photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting (artificial photosynthesis) and (ii) photoreformation. [1,46] A typical PEC water-splitting device consists of a photoelectrode (working electrode), a counter electrode (generally Pt-metal), a reference electrode, and an aqueous electrolyte as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Photoanodes to Produce Value‐Added Chemicals Coupled with Hydrogen

Khan,

Bera,

Jung

et al. 2024

ChemElectroChem

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Green hydrogen fuel generation via the photoelectrochemical (PEC) approach has attracted considerable attention recently for its sustainability and eco‐friendliness. Photoelectrocatalysts are the key component of the PEC process. To produce green hydrogen by this approach at a reasonable rate from water splitting and waste valorization, proper design and electronic structure modulation of the photoelectrocatalysts are of utmost importance. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the materials selection, design, and engineering of photoanode materials to efficiently harvest and convert solar energy into green hydrogen fuel and value‐added chemicals. In this regard, we introduce the fundamentals and the mechanistic insights of the PEC solar energy conversion and storage technologies, which would provide knowledge to novices to gain insight into this field while designing a new photoanode. Moreover, we mention the importance of various semiconducting materials and their surface/interface engineering aspects to improve the PEC properties for selective water oxidation to value‐added chemicals and waste valorization coupled with green hydrogen generation. Finally, we discuss the conclusions and prospects of this technology by highlighting the major challenges and its potential for commercialization.

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