Demonstration of two different types of non-A, non-B hepatitis by reinjection and cross-challenge studies in chimpanzees

Yamada, Hiroshi; Itoh, Yuta; Iwakiri, Shigenori; Kitajima, Koji; Tanaka, Akira; Nojiri, Tokuyuki; Miyakawa, Yuzo; Matsui, Makoto

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(81)90659-4

Cited by 105 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Our results contrast with previous studies which documented different NANB etiologic agents in different inocula (11,(21)(22)(23). In their studies, subsequent challenges to the initial inoculum were conducted at a time of presumed convalescence.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Sequelae of Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis in Experimentally Infected Chimpanzees

et al. 1984

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We have observed the development of long-term sequelae in four cases of experimentally induced non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis in chimpanzees. These sequelae were characterized by the following manifestations: nonprotection against challenge with autologous infectious plasma following acute disease and subtle histopathological alterations typical of long-lasting viral hepatitis. These manifestations were observed in animals infected with either of two human inocula. Whether or not these inocula represent sources of single or multiple etiologic agents is not known. However, our studies suggest that these inocula share at least one common etiologic agent. Further, these results may represent an atypical chronology of convalescence from viral hepatitis infection. For example, the convalescent stage of a type B hepatitis infection may be expected to occur within 6 to 8 months following exposure, whereas true convalescence in NANB hepatitis may be protracted over several months to several years. Thus, future efforts to identify the causative agent(s) of NANB hepatitis, and efforts to define the immune response in NANB, must take into consideration these studies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Sequelae of Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis in Experimentally Infected Chimpanzees

et al. 1984

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“…It is now clear that NANB includes more than one virus (22). On this basis it was determined that an unknown agent or agents were causing PTH.…”

Section: Non-a Non-b Hepatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

For CE Credit: Viral Hepatitis

Gurevich¹

1983

The American Journal of Nursing

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. ns~anr~cwi You can earn credit for home study of this feature, which has been nationally approved for continuing education credit under the ANA Mechanism for Continuing Education in Nursing. To earn your CE contact hours, send for the test. See page 585 for coupon and fee. Officially C.E. Approved Contact For Hours 1. List 8 major differences between hepatitis A and B. 2. List those who are at high and intermediate risk for exposure to hepatitis A and B. 3. Describe the circumstances for which immune globulin, hepatitis B immune globulin, and hepatitis B vaccine are recommended. 4. Describe the serologic markers that establish the diagnosis of hepatitis A and B.5. List and explain the meaning of the 5 clinically significant serologic markers of hepatitis B. 6. List both normal and typical elevated values for the three serum enzymes that are elevated during acute hepatitis. 7. Describe the difference between chronic active and chronic persistent hepatitis. 8. Explain the circumstances that are associated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. 9. Summarize the hepatitis precautions. 10. Explain why hepatitis A is not a major nosocomial problem. 11. Explain why hepatitis B is a more serious disease than hepatitis A. 12. List the 3 body fluids that have been shown to transmit hepatitis B. 13. List, in the order of their efficiency of transmitting disease, the four mechanisms for the transmission of hepatitis B in the hospital. 14. Describe NANB hepatitis including diagnosis, transmission, precautions, sequela, and prophylaxis. 15. Describe the typical symptomatic course of acute hepatitis, beginning with the prodrome. 16. Describe the treatment of acute hepatitis including recommendations for rest, nutrition, and medications.

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“…Further studies are needed to elucidate the difference between CTS findings in humans and chimpanzees. In the chimpanzee studies, CTS appeared 2 to 3 weeks after the inoculation of NANB hepatitis sera (19,20). Furthermore, the structures were seen as long as 27 months after inoculation in the chimpanzees with persistent NANB hepatitis (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Electron Microscopic Evidence of Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Markers and Virus-Like Particles in Immunocompromised Humans

et al. 1984

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Characteristic pathological alterations of the liver in chimpanzees inoculated with non-A, non-B hepatitis sera have been described, but no corresponding findings have been reported in humans. Electron microscopic studies of the liver biopsy specimens of two homosexual patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, one without hepatitis (Patient 1) and one with chronic active hepatitis in remission (Patient 2), revealed the cytoplasmic tubular structures which are characteristic of chimpanzee non-A, non-B hepatitis. A cluster of 23 nm double-shelled particles was also seen in the cytoplasm of a hepatocyte in patient 1 who had received a blood transfusion 8 days before the biopsy. These particles were smaller than the Dane particles, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus or herpes simplex virus, and different from hepatitis A virus particles; the antibodies to all of which are found in high concentration in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. These observations may reflect the morphologic findings for non-A, non-B hepatitis infection in humans.

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Demonstration of two different types of non-A, non-B hepatitis by reinjection and cross-challenge studies in chimpanzees

Cited by 105 publications

References 10 publications

Long-Term Sequelae of Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis in Experimentally Infected Chimpanzees

Long-Term Sequelae of Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis in Experimentally Infected Chimpanzees

For CE Credit: Viral Hepatitis

Electron Microscopic Evidence of Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Markers and Virus-Like Particles in Immunocompromised Humans

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