Demonstration of Rabies Virus-Specific Antibody in the Sera of Free-Ranging Iowa Raccoons (Procyon Lotor)

Hill, R. E.; Beran, George W.; Clark, William R.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-28.3.377

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The high prevalence of rabies antibodies in bats and other wild animals associated with low prevalence of rabies virus has been explained in different ways: exposure to rabies virus shortly after birth 13 ; subclinical or asymptomatic infections 13,29,30 ; sublethal infection [31][32][33] ; carrier state 34 ; and latent virus activated by stress [30][31]35,36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies diagnosis and serology in bats from the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Almeida

Martorelli

Sodré

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Bats are one of the most important reservoirs and vectors of the rabies virus in the world. Methods: From 1988 to 2003, the Zoonosis Control Center in São Paulo City performed rabies diagnosis on 5,670 bats by direct immunofluorescent test and mouse inoculation test. Blood samples were collected from 1,618 bats and the sera were analyzed using the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test to confirm rabies antibodies. Results: Fortyfour (0.8%) bats were positive for rabies. The prevalence of rabies antibodies was 5.9% using 0.5IU/ml as a cutoff. Insectivorous bats (69.8%) and bats of the species Molossus molossus (51.8%) constituted the majority of the sample; however, the highest prevalence of antibodies were observed in Glossophaga soricina (

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies diagnosis and serology in bats from the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Almeida

Martorelli

Sodré

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Apparently healthy wild animals with such high titers of NA were observed by Rosatte and Gunson (1984) and Hill et al (1992). These high titers were attributed to subclinical disease (Greenwood et al, 1997); sublethal infection (McLean, 1975;Gascoyne et al, 1993); localized replication of the virus; ingestion or inhalation of infected material (Beran, 1981;Hall, 1978in Carey 1985; infection with other strains of rabies virus (Rosatte and Gunson, 1984), and latent virus activated by stress caused by change in the habitat, high population density, migration, and fights to establish their own territories (Zumpt, 1969;Ballard and Krausman, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralizing Antirabies Antibodies in Urban Terrestrial Wildlife in Brazil

Almeida¹,

Massad

Aguiar³

et al. 2001

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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The prevalence of rabies neutralizing antibodies (NA) in sera of wild animals from São Paulo City (Brazil) was investigated using the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test between 1994 and 1997. Sera from 547 specimens were examined. Marsupials represented 45% of the sample and primates 37%; carnivores, rodents, deer and edentates represented 6, 6, 3 and 2%, respectively. The overall prevalence of NA was 14%. The prevalence of NA was 18% in primates; whereas in marsupials, carnivores, edentates and rodents it was 13, 9, 8 and 6%, respectively. The stratification according to sex, age, and site of capture of the marsupials and primates showed a small predominance in males versus females and a large predominance of adults versus juveniles. The same relationship was seen in specimens captured near human habitations versus specimens captured in their own habitat. It is evident that there is circulation of rabies virus in wild animals, which are not recommended as pets since they represent a potential risk of exposure to rabies virus for both humans and domestic animals.

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“…In experimental inoculation of raccoons saliva samples were collected on 35, 63 & 92 days post inoculation (DPI) for virus isolation. Rabies virus was not detected in the saliva of any raccoon [11].…”

Section: Secretion Of Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cattle [75,78,80,87]; dog [65,68,70,72,79,85,87,89,91]; sheep [71]; raccoons [11,65,77,93]; fox [65,67]; cat [65,67]; marten [67]; badger [67]; polecat [67]; skunk [65,93]; fruit bat [94] and rabbit [69].…”

Section: Antibody Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various techniques employed for detection of rabies virus antibodies include Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72]; Rapid Fluorescent Inhibition Test (RFFIT) [71,72,[73][74][75]; Modified RFFIT [76,77]; Serum Neutralization Test (SNT) [67,69,[78][79][80][81][82][83]; Haemgglutation Inhibition Test (HAI) [81,[84][85][86]; Immunodiffusion [72]; Complement Fixation Test [72,87]; Rabies Agglutination Test (RAT) [84]; Indirect Immune Fluorescence (IFF) [11,89,90]; Counter Immuno Electrophoresis (CIE) [82]; Modified Counter Immuno Electrophoresis (MCIE) [36,81] and SDS -PAGE [68].…”

Section: Antibody Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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