Demonstration of Phagocytic and Trephocytic Activities of Chicken Thrombocytes by Microscopy and Vital Staining Techniques

Carlson, H. C.; Sweeny, P. R.; Tokaryk, J M

doi:10.2307/1588457

Cited by 49 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The presence of engulfed carbon particles in the thrombocytes confirms the phagocytic role of these cells (Glick et al, 1964;Carlson et al, 1968;Chang and Hamilton, 1979;Awadhiya et al, 1980). It is possible that thrombocytes might also be engulfing immune complexes and that the process, in turn, may induce changes in thrombocytes and lead to their clumping.…”

Section: S Experimentalmentioning

confidence: 53%

Pathology of reversed passive Arthus reaction in the chicken

Dhodapkar¹,

Vegad²,

Dhawedkar³

et al. 1984

Avian Pathology

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Section: S Experimentalmentioning

confidence: 53%

Pathology of reversed passive Arthus reaction in the chicken

Dhodapkar¹,

Vegad²,

Dhawedkar³

et al. 1984

Avian Pathology

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“…In addition to cytokine production, it has been established that thrombocytes demonstrate other effector functions, including phagocytosis and nitric oxide production [4], [16] . Therefore, we hypothesized that these effector functions would be enhanced by TLR ligands.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functioning in a manner similar to that of mammalian platelets, thrombocytes promote hemostasis in response to vascular injury by aggregating and releasing prothrombotic factors [2], [3]. Furthermore, similar to mammalian platelets, evidence suggests that chicken thrombocytes may have an immunological role as well [4], [5]. In mammals, it has become increasingly clear that platelets secrete anti-microbial molecules and cytokines that modulate inflammatory responses [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Chicken Thrombocyte Responses to Toll-Like Receptor Ligands

et al. 2012

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Thrombocytes are the avian equivalent to mammalian platelets. In addition to their hemostatic effects, mammalian platelets rely in part on pattern recognition receptors, such as the Toll-like receptors (TLR), to detect the presence of pathogens and signal the release of certain cytokines. Ligands for TLRs include lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is bound by TLR4, as well as unmethylated CpG DNA motifs, which are bound by TLR9 in mammals and TLR21 in chickens. Similar to mammalian platelets, avian thrombocytes have been shown to express TLR4 and secrete some pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS treatment. However, the full extent of the contributions made by thrombocytes to host immunity has yet to be elucidated. Importantly, the mechanisms by which TLR stimulation may modulate thrombocyte effector functions have not been well characterized. As such, the objective of the present study was to gain further insight into the immunological role of thrombocytes by analyzing their responses to treatment with ligands for TLR4 and TLR21. To this end, we quantified the relative expression of several immune system genes at 1, 3, 8 and 18 hours post-treatment using real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, production of nitric oxide and phagocytic activity of thrombocytes was measured after their activation with TLR ligands. We found that thrombocytes constitutively express transcripts for both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, in addition to those associated with anti-viral responses and antigen presentation. Moreover, we found that both LPS and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) induced robust pro-inflammatory responses in thrombocytes, as characterized by more than 100 fold increase in interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 transcripts, while only LPS enhanced nitric oxide production and phagocytic capabilities. Future studies may be aimed at examining the responses of thrombocytes to other TLR ligands.

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“…The other blood cell type involved in hemostasis, the thrombocyte, performs a role similar to that of the mammalian platelet and offers a specific feature since the thrombocytes of birds are nucleated (5,6). In addition to hemosta-sis, these cells have been reported to play an active role in phagocytosis (7,8) but are not a component of the lymphocyte system (9). Finally, avian thrombocytes and erythrocytes share many similarities, and the two cell types are thought to be derived from a common progenitor cell line (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid composition of erythrocytes and thrombocytes of a subantarctic seabird, the king penguin

Fayolle

Leray

Ohlmann

et al. 2000

Lipids

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Phospholipid (PL) compositions and fatty acid (FA) patterns of PL were determined in the erythrocytes and blood thrombocytes of a seabird, the king penguin, living in the subantarctic area and feeding on prey rich in n-3 polyunsaturated FA. Results were compared between birds in three different physiological states (breeding and molting adults, chicks) to those reported for other birds. In erythrocytes, the ratios of cholesterol to PL and of sphingomyelin to phosphatidylcholine (PC) were lower than in other birds. The PL distribution was similar to those previously reported in the hen and pigeon. In contrast to other birds, cardiolipin levels were unexpectedly high (4%). Very long chain n-3 FA were abundant (13-27%) in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine and PC, probably in relation to the natural diet of these birds. Among n-3 FA, 22:6n-3 was the most abundant in all PL (2-20%), whereas the highest levels of arachidonic acid were observed in PE (14%). In thrombocytes, the PL distribution and FA composition of the main PL (PC, PE) differed from those of erythrocytes, and in particular, levels of n-3 FA (9-12%) were 1.5-2 times lower. The highest levels of arachidonic acid were found in phosphatidylinositol (24%). The lipid profile of penguin erythrocytes could contribute to the efficiency of blood circulation and oxygen delivery in microvascular beds, thus favoring diving capacity of these animals. Our observations do not support the hypothesis of a common origin of avian thrombocytes and erythrocytes.

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Demonstration of Phagocytic and Trephocytic Activities of Chicken Thrombocytes by Microscopy and Vital Staining Techniques

Cited by 49 publications

References 23 publications

Pathology of reversed passive Arthus reaction in the chicken

Pathology of reversed passive Arthus reaction in the chicken

Characterization of Chicken Thrombocyte Responses to Toll-Like Receptor Ligands

Lipid composition of erythrocytes and thrombocytes of a subantarctic seabird, the king penguin

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