Demonstration of mid-infrared gas sensing using an anti-resonant hollow core fiber and a quantum cascade laser

Nikodem, Michał; Gomółka, Grzegorz; Klimczak, Mariusz; Pysz, Dariusz; Buczyński, Ryszard

doi:10.1364/oe.27.036350

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…As mentioned above, NC HCFs have the ability to transmit light in the spectral region, where losses of the glass material are relatively high. This property was demonstrated in [67], where a silica-based NC HCF was used to detect nitrous oxide near 4.53 µm. The fiber used in this study (made in the Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Poland) was optimized for light transmission near 4 µm and had exceptionally low bending losses [76].…”

Section: Trace-gas Detection Using Hollow-core Fibers With Inhibited mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The sample absorption spectrum measured when the laser wavelength was scanned across the nitrous oxide transition near 2203.75 cm −1 is presented in Figure 14b. When the WMS technique was implemented, the detection limit of a few parts-per-billion was obtained and the response time was 23 s. [67] for the laser spectroscopy of nitrous oxide. The hollow-core fiber used in this work has already been shown in Figure 11c; (b) direct laser absorption spectrum (solid line) and model (based on HITRAN database; dashed line) for the trace concentration of N2O.…”

Section: Trace-gas Detection Using Hollow-core Fibers With Inhibited mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NC HCFs described above were made of fused silica and enabled molecular transitions up to 4.5 µm to be achieved [67]. Transmission at even longer wavelengths has been obtained using other glass types.…”

Section: Trace-gas Detection Using Hollow-core Fibers With Inhibited mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should also be mentioned that there are several papers which show Kagome HCFs used as permanent gas cells [83][84][85]. These experiments were primarily performed in the near-infrared [67] for the laser spectroscopy of nitrous oxide. The hollow-core fiber used in this work has already been shown in Figure 11c; (b) direct laser absorption spectrum (solid line) and model (based on HITRAN database; dashed line) for the trace concentration of N 2 O. Fitting residual is shown below.…”

Section: Trace-gas Detection Using Hollow-core Fibers With Inhibited mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-Based Trace Gas Detection inside Hollow-Core Fibers: A Review

Nikodem

2020

Materials

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Thanks to the guidance of an optical wave in air, hollow-core fibers may serve as sampling cells in an optical spectroscopic system. This paper reviews applications of hollow-core optical fibers to laser-based gas sensing. Three types of hollow-core fibers are discussed: Hollow capillary waveguides, photonic band-gap fibers, and negative curvature fibers. Their advantages and drawbacks when used for laser-based trace gas detection are analyzed. Various examples of experimental sensing systems demonstrated in the literature over the past 20 years are discussed.

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Section: Trace-gas Detection Using Hollow-core Fibers With Inhibited mentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Trace-gas Detection Using Hollow-core Fibers With Inhibited mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trace-gas Detection Using Hollow-core Fibers With Inhibited mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trace-gas Detection Using Hollow-core Fibers With Inhibited mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-Based Trace Gas Detection inside Hollow-Core Fibers: A Review

Nikodem

2020

Materials

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“…However, as the fiber supported transmission of the higher order modes, CLaDS approach had to be used in order to minimize their impact and reach the maximum detection capacity of the sensor [24]. The next type of hollow-core fibers are the Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fibers (ARHCFs), which have been demonstrated to enable detecting gas molecules at the concentration levels from sub-parts-per-million by volume (ppmv) down to a parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv) levels with the aid of WMS [25][26][27]. Furthermore, ARHCFs and Kagome fibers due to their large core size (in the range from a few ten to over a hundred of µm in dia.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber-Based Dual Gas Sensor for Detection of Methane and Carbon Dioxide in the Near- and Mid-Infrared Regions

Jaworski

Kozioł

Krzempek

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this work, we present for the first time a laser-based dual gas sensor utilizing a silica-based Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber (ARHCF) operating in the Near- and Mid-Infrared spectral region. A 1-m-long fiber with an 84-µm diameter air-core was implemented as a low-volume absorption cell in a sensor configuration utilizing the simple and well-known Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) method. The fiber was filled with a mixture of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), and a simultaneous detection of both gases was demonstrated targeting their transitions at 3.334 µm and 1.574 µm, respectively. Due to excellent guidance properties of the fiber and low background noise, the proposed sensor reached a detection limit down to 24 parts-per-billion by volume for CH4 and 144 parts-per-million by volume for CO2. The obtained results confirm the suitability of ARHCF for efficient use in gas sensing applications for over a broad spectral range. Thanks to the demonstrated low loss, such fibers with lengths of over one meter can be used for increasing the laser-gas molecules interaction path, substituting bulk optics-based multipass cells, while delivering required flexibility, compactness, reliability and enhancement in the sensor’s sensitivity.

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Optical Fiber‐Based Gas Sensing for Early Warning of Thermal Runaway in Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Chen

Gan

Guo

2023

Advanced Sensor Research

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Owing to constantly increasing energy density and power density, thermal runaway is becoming the most dangerous event in lithium‐ion batteries, while gas sensing can provide the earliest and clearest signals for forewarning the advent of thermal runaway. However, gas‐sensing signals are not included in current battery management systems (BMSs). Especially for the challenging in‐cell sensing, gas sensing demonstrates significant advantages over out‐of‐cell sensing in the aspect of collecting signals precisely and in a timely manner. The integration of gas sensing with batteries is an important and valuable topic. In this review, the necessity and challenge of in‐cell sensing are expounded, the importance and promise of in‐cell gas sensing are highlighted, optical fiber‐based gas sensing technologies for in‐cell applications are summarized, and the engineering issues of integrating sensors with battery system are discussed. The topic of this article deserves more attention and efforts for the development of cell‐level BMSs and safe batteries in future.

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Demonstration of mid-infrared gas sensing using an anti-resonant hollow core fiber and a quantum cascade laser

Cited by 58 publications

References 42 publications

Laser-Based Trace Gas Detection inside Hollow-Core Fibers: A Review

Laser-Based Trace Gas Detection inside Hollow-Core Fibers: A Review

Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber-Based Dual Gas Sensor for Detection of Methane and Carbon Dioxide in the Near- and Mid-Infrared Regions

Optical Fiber‐Based Gas Sensing for Early Warning of Thermal Runaway in Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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