Demonstration of high-data-rate wavelength division multiplexed transmission over a 150 km free space optical link

Young, David W.; Sluz, Joseph E.; Juarez, Juan C.; Airola, Marc B.; Sova, Raymond M.; Hurt, H. Thomas; Northcott, M. J.; Phillips, J. L.; McClaren, Andy; Driver, Don; Abelson, David; Foshee, James J.

doi:10.1117/12.722151

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…This type of careful OSNR and power level management is impossible to do in FSO systems due to the dynamics of the received power. Figure 9.7 illustrates how the optical modem performed on 183 km link during late afternoon conditions [4][5][6]. In particular, this figure shows PIF data taken on May 18, 2009 during Flight 2, with POF data taken during laboratory testing.…”

Section: John Hopkins University (Jhu) Applied Physics Laboratory (Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, the OAGC must reduce the power transients that couple through the receiver follow-on electronics and degrade bit error rate performance. The OAGC achieves this by optically amplifying or attenuating as necessary through a series of multiple stages as discussed in [5,11,19] to output a constant power (POF) at a level of optimal performance for the detector. In essence, the time-variant optical input [I( t)] is translated into a constant output with a variable optical signal to noise ratio [OSNR( t)].…”

Section: John Hopkins University (Jhu) Applied Physics Laboratory (Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several C n 2 profile models, including both day and night models, are used by the technical community for ground-to-space or space-to ground applications [12]. One of the most widely used models for such applications is the Hufnagel-Valley (HV) model described by (9.1) where h is in meters (m), w is the root-mean-square (rms) high-altitude wind speed in m/s, and A is a nominal value of C n 2 near the ground in m [13,15] for altitudes between 3 and 24 km above the surface.…”

Section: Optical Channel Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The atmosphere is commonly divided into two major regimes: the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and the free atmosphere [12,13]. The ABL is that region roughly 1-2 km above the Earth's surface where heating of the surface leads to convective instability, resulting in thermal plumes and strong optical turbulence (i.e., refractive-index fluctuations).…”

Section: Optical Channel Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The OAGC provides low-noise optical amplification and stabilization, providing 40 dB of dynamic range while isolating optical detectors from high input power which can cause detector saturation or damage. Details of these components have been described separately in [2][3][4][5][6], and relevant performance characteristics are presented in this paper. …”

Section: Fsoc System Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Hybrid Optical/Radio Frequency (RF) Communications

Andrews

Phillips

Bagley

et al. 2014

Advanced Free Space Optics (FSO)

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The concept of free-space optical communications (FSOC) has been around since the late 1960s. Lasers offered the potential for small transmitters and receivers with very high antenna gain (i.e., small transmitter spot sizes). Specifically, FSOC systems could be much more efficient and could provide orders of magnitude gains in data rate compared to a radio frequency (RF) system of the same size. Unfortunately in the 1970s and 1980s, much of the potential gain in efficiency was lost because of poor electrical-to-optical efficiency, poor optical detector efficiency, the increased transmitter spot sizes necessitated by transmitter pointing error limitations, and most importantly, link degradation from optical channel effects. The result was that the advantages of optical communications over RF communications were never realized for the past 40 years, except with one exception, fiber optical communications (FOC). This is because FOC technologies overcame the detector and efficiency problems cited above; laser light could be easily launched into fiber optic cable and FOC did not suffer the channel effects that plagued FSOC.1 The FOC technology break-through can help move FSOC systems into a reality if the FSOC channel effects can be overcome. The realization that the latter aspect is possible came from the realization that neither FSOC nor RF communications can provide totally reliable, multi-gigabit/tetrabit per second (Gbps/Tbps) communications like a FOC system by themselves. However, they have the potential to move towards that goal by working together in a network infrastructure [1]. That is, through a hybrid optical-RF networking construct. This can be clearly seen in Table 9.1. RF communications are generally reliable and well understood, but cannot support emerging data rate needs unless they use a large portion of the precious radio spectrum. On the other hand, FSO communications offer enormous data rates, but operate much more at the mercy of the environment. The perennial limitations of FSOC systems are directly attributable to signal fading/scintillation (optical turbulence) and path blocking (cloud obscuration) [1]. Both phenomena reduce the 1 FOC did have its own channel effects to deal with, but their resolution is a major success story that will not be covered here.

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Section: John Hopkins University (Jhu) Applied Physics Laboratory (Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: John Hopkins University (Jhu) Applied Physics Laboratory (Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optical Channel Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optical Channel Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fsoc System Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Hybrid Optical/Radio Frequency (RF) Communications

Andrews

Phillips

Bagley

et al. 2014

Advanced Free Space Optics (FSO)

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Relativistic quantum key distribution system with one-way quantum communication

Kravtsov

Radchenko

Kulik

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Unambiguous state discrimination (USD) is one of the major obstacles for practical quantum key distribution (QKD). Often overlooked, it allows efficient eavesdropping in majority of practical systems, provided the overall channel loss is above a certain threshold. Thus, to remain secure all such systems must not only monitor the actual loss, but also possess a comprehensive information on the safe ‘loss vs. BER’ levels, which is often well beyond currently known security analyses. The more advanced the protocol the tougher it becomes to find and prove corresponding bounds. To get out of this vicious circle and solve the problem outright, we demonstrate a so called relativistic QKD system, which uses causality to become inherently immune to USD-based attacks. The system proves to be practical in metropolitan line-of-sight arrangements. At the same time it has a very basic structure that allows for a straightforward and comprehensive security analysis.

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Bootstrap beacon creation technique for lower altitude and ground based targets

Sergeyev

2014

2014 IEEE Aerospace Conference

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The task of delivering a sufficient amount of laser energy to the ground based targets and the targets located at lower altitudes is of a high interest. The laser beam propagating through atmosphere is significantly degraded by the turbulence. As a result, the laser beam arriving at the target does not have sufficient amount of power. To overcome the degradations induced by atmospheric turbulence the artificial beacon for probing the atmospheric conditions is needed.The current techniques implementing a Rayleigh beacon at the target or at some intermediate distance between the transmitter and the target provide some means of improvement. In this work we extend our work on earlier proposed bootstrap technique in volving creating multiple beacons between the laser transmitter and the target. In the bootstrap technique, the light from each beacon is propagated back to the wavefront sensor located at the receiver. Signal from the wavefront sensor is processed to generate commands for the deformable mirror and the next beacon gets pre-compensated for the further distance.The process continues till the last beacon is created at the target. We have previously reported the results on implementation of the bootstrap techniques on ground based targets demonstrating noticeable improvement in the final laser beam power at the target. In this work we examine the possibility of using the bootstrap technique for cases when laser energy needs to be delivered over nearly horizontal propagation distances and at lower altitudes. The system performance is examined using both Hufnagel-Valley and HufnageVAndrewslPhillips models for structure constant C� characterizing the strength of the index of refraction fluctuation, and compared with the sceneries when the beacon is generated directly on the target or at some intermediate positions between the transmitter and the target.

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Demonstration of high-data-rate wavelength division multiplexed transmission over a 150 km free space optical link

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Hybrid Optical/Radio Frequency (RF) Communications

Hybrid Optical/Radio Frequency (RF) Communications

Relativistic quantum key distribution system with one-way quantum communication

Bootstrap beacon creation technique for lower altitude and ground based targets

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