Demonstration of fully integrated parity-time-symmetric electronics

Abstract

Harnessing parity-time (PT) symmetry with balanced gain and loss profiles has created a variety of opportunities in electronics from wireless energy transfer to telemetry sensing and topological defect engineering. However, existing implementations often employ ad-hoc approaches at low operating frequencies and are unable to accommodate large-scale integration. Here, we report a fully integrated realization of PT symmetry in a standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology. Our work demonstrates salient PT symmetry features such as phase transition as well as the ability to manipulate broadband microwave generation and propagation beyond the limitations encountered by exiting schemes.The system shows 2.1 times bandwidth and 30 percentage noise reduction compared to con-1