Optical communication between satellites and optical ground stations is a promising technology for high-speed data transfer between Space and Earth. However, the atmospheric turbulence present in the last few tens of kilometres near the ground has a significant impact on the quality of the link and reduces the transfer rate due to signal fading. To explore the robustness of adaptive optics (AO) systems to mitigate the turbulence effects at low elevation angles, we have developed a bench representative of the propagation channel between the ground and the satellite. The aim of the paper is to present the system analysis, the definition choices and the simulated performance that have conducted to the actual bench. We also describe the set-up and the characterisation of the main components.