Demonstration of a compressive-sensing Fourier-transform on-chip spectrometer

Podmore, Hugh; Scott, Alan; Cheben, Pavel; Velasco, Aitor V.; Schmid, Jens H.; Vachon, Martin; Lee, Regina

doi:10.1364/ol.42.001440

Cited by 83 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For this analysis we found that a least-squares spectral analysis (LSSA) using the pseudoinverse of the transformation matrix [11,17,19] with an oversampling factor of c = 2.5 provided the best SNR. The pseudoinverse of A is applied to the interferogram, y, to retrieve an estimate,x, of the input spectrum, where y ≈ Ax.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Athermal planar-waveguide Fourier-transform spectrometer for methane detection

Podmore¹,

Scott²,

Cheben³

et al. 2017

Opt. Express

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Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous. Abstract:We demonstrate a passively thermally-stabilized planar waveguide Fourier-transform spectrometer for remote detection of atmospheric methane. The device is implemented as a spatial heterodyne spectrometer using an array of 100 Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) on an integrated photonic chip. The spectrometer is buffered against temperature fluctuations by using waveguides with a carefully engineered, athermal geometry. The achieved waveguide thermooptic optic coefficient is 3.5 × 10 −6 K −1 . Effective entrance aperture is increased over dispersive element spectrometers, without sacrificing spectral resolution, by coupling light independently to each of the 100 MZIs. The output of each MZI is sampled in quadrature, to compensate for non-uniform illumination across the MZI input apertures. The spectrometer is validated using a methane reference cell in a benchtop setup: an interferogram is inverted via least-squares spectral analysis (LSSA) to retrieve multiple absorption lines at a spectral resolution of 50 pm over a 1 nm free spectral range (FSR) centered at λ 0 = 1666.5 nm. The retrieved spectrum is compared against the Beer-Lambert absorption law and is found to provide a correct measurement of the volume mixing ratio (VMR) in the optical path. 44(10), 761-765 (1954 Florjańczyk, and M. Vachon, "High-resolution Fourier-transform spectrometer chip with microphotonic silicon spiral waveguides," Opt. Lett., 38(5), 706-708 (2013). 13. M. Yang, M. Li, and J.-J. He, "Static FT imaging spectrometer based on a modified waveguide MZI array," Opt.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first on-chip SHFTS was proposed in Michelson configuration [10] and was subsequently implemented as an array of MZIs with linearly increasing optical path delays (OPDs) [11][12][13][14][15]. These MZIs constitute a discrete Fourier-transform in which the output of each MZI corresponds to a point in the spatial interferogram.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Athermal planar-waveguide Fourier-transform spectrometer for methane detection

Podmore¹,

Scott²,

Cheben³

et al. 2017

Opt. Express

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“…Integrated photonics enables the design of new FT spectrometer implementations. The most common one consists of an array of MZIs with different optical path lengths (OPDs) [18][19][20][21][22]. Alternatively, [23] uses a single MZI whose OPD can be dynamically increased by using optical switches.…”

Section: On-chip Interrogator Based On Fourier Transform Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, [23] uses a single MZI whose OPD can be dynamically increased by using optical switches. The spectrum can be retrieved by calculating the coefficients of the Fourier cosine series from the interferogram [18,19] or by solving a system of linear equations [20][21][22][23]. However, since the number of MZIs is finite, the retrieved spectrum is an approximation to the actual one and a large the number of MZIs is required in order to achieve a high spectral resolution.…”

Section: On-chip Interrogator Based On Fourier Transform Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

On-chip interrogator based on Fourier transform spectroscopy

Peternella¹,

Esselink²,

Dorsman³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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In this paper, the design and the characterization of a novel interrogator based on integrated Fourier transform (FT) spectroscopy is presented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first integrated FT spectrometer used for the interrogation of photonic sensors. It consists of a planar spatial heterodyne spectrometer, which is implemented using an array of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) with different optical path differences. Each MZI employs a 3×3 multi-mode interferometer, allowing the retrieval of the complex Fourier coefficients. We derive a system of non-linear equations whose solution, which is obtained numerically from Newton's method, gives the modulation of the sensor's resonances as a function of time. By taking one of the sensors as a reference, to which no external excitation is applied and its temperature is kept constant, about 92% of the thermal induced phase drift of the integrated MZIs has been compensated. The minimum modulation amplitude that is obtained experimentally is 400 fm, which is more than two orders of magnitude smaller than the FT spectrometer resolution.

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“…In the last years, using silicon photonics technologies, different approaches have been developed for the demonstration of integrated on-chip spectroscopic systems, such as arrayed waveguide gratings [4], echelle gratings [5] and Fourier-Transform spectrometers (FTS) [6][7][8][9]. Nowadays, many researchers have studied already the FTS based on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform working in the near infrared (NIR) [6,7,9] and short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength range [8]. Integrated spatial heterodyne Fourier-Transform spectrometer (SHFTS) with multi-aperture benefits from the high optical throughput, high spectral resolution, and relaxed fabrication tolerances using a phase and amplitude correction algorithms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated broadband mid-infrared polarization insensitive Fourier-Transform spectrometer

Liu

Ramírez

Vakarin

et al. 2018

2018 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP)

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Due to the rotational and vibrational frequency, molecules show unique absorption spectrum in the mid-infrared fingerprint region from 500 to 1500 cm-1. Hence, the demonstration of integrated on-chip spectrometers with compact sizes, cost-effective and high performance is important. Here, we demonstrate the first polarization insensitive broadband operational mid infrared spatial heterodyne Fourier-Transform spectrometer (SHFTS) working beyond 5 µm wavelength. A resolution better than 15cm-1 for both TE/TM polarizations has been experimentally demonstrated in an unprecedented bandwidth of 800 cm-1 (from 5 µm to 8.5 µm wavelength) for our integrated on-chip SHFTS, using a graded-index Ge-rich SiGe photonics platform.

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Demonstration of a compressive-sensing Fourier-transform on-chip spectrometer

Cited by 83 publications

References 14 publications

Athermal planar-waveguide Fourier-transform spectrometer for methane detection

Athermal planar-waveguide Fourier-transform spectrometer for methane detection

On-chip interrogator based on Fourier transform spectroscopy

Integrated broadband mid-infrared polarization insensitive Fourier-Transform spectrometer

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