Demography and biochemistry of 2800 patients from a renal stones clinic

Abstract

Risk factors for stones differ between men and women, change with ageing and in some may have a genetic basis. The role of phosphaturia merits further exploration.

Who makes uric acid stones and why—observations from a renal stones clinic

“…Falling urine pH with age 16 19–21 and a high dietary acid load7 9 11 are contributory. Metabolic studies demonstrated that idiopathic uric acid stone formers are insulin resistant and have an inappropriately low ammonium excretion for their urinary acidity 12 22.…”

“…The stones clinic database, held on Microsoft Access (97–2003), was created in 1996 and includes data for most patients investigated for stones risk at their initial presentation to the Renal Stones Clinic of the Clinical Biochemistry Department of Southampton University Hospitals from June 1990 to March 2007 16. The data were anonymised for the research study which was approved by the Regional Ethics Committee.…”

“…Renal threshold of phosphate concentration was calculated from phosphate and creatinine concentrations of paired plasma and random urine samples 16. Urate clearance (l/24 h) was calculated as urate (mmol/24 h)/plasma urate (mmol/l) and fractional urate excretion (FEUA) (%) as urate clearance l/24 h/creatinine clearance l/24 h×100.…”

“…We have reviewed risk factors for stones among patients assessed at our renal stones clinic from 1990 to March 2007 and reported the demographic and global biochemistry for this cohort of 2800 patients 16. In this paper we have focused on the subgroup forming uric acid stones.…”

Male hypercalciuric stone formers with low renal calcium reabsorption

“…A clinic database, held on Microsoft Access (97–2003), was created in 1996 and includes demographic and biochemical data for most patients investigated at their initial presentation to the clinic between June 1990 and March 2007 9. The data were anonymised for the research study, which was approved by the regional ethics committee.…”