Demographics and Payment Characteristics of Nursing Home Residents in the United States: A 23-Year Trend

Ness, J. Mark Van; Ahmed, Ali; Aronow, Wilbert S.

doi:10.1093/gerona/59.11.1213

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…There are no special conditions distinguishing the institution in question from comparable institutions in other regions of Norway (Selbaek, 2007). The demographic data show little difference from nursing home residents studied in other investigations, and are comparable to data from other countries (Ness, 2004). emotional and behaviour states of patients the project leader had taken advanced education in dementia care mapping, and had educated staff in observational criteria to uncover depressive reactions.…”

Section: Inclusion Criteriasupporting

confidence: 74%

“The Day the Music Died”

Myskja¹,

Nord²

2008

Nordic Journal of Music Therapy

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Background:The nursing home Valerengen bo-og servicesenter in Oslo, Norway, a long-term institution with 84 residents, has continually had regular music therapy activities with a music therapist in full-time employment since 1999. The institution was without music therapy services during the fall of 2003. Method: At the end of the period without a music therapist, measurement of depression level by the use of Montgomery Aasberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was conducted on residents (n=72). Two months after music therapy services had been resumed with music therapy groups twice a week in each ward and individualized services other days, a new measurement of depression level of all residents was conducted. Results: Depression rating show a significant fall in the music therapy condition, compared with the no music therapy condition in a crossover design: MADRS 20.4 on an average in the no music condition, 12.2 on an average in the music condition (p < .05). Staff at the institution was stable, and there were no significant changes in medication. Conclusion: A significant reduction in the average level of depression in a nursing home when music therapy services are resumed warrants recommendation for a larger controlled follow-up study.

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Section: Inclusion Criteriasupporting

confidence: 74%

“The Day the Music Died”

Myskja¹,

Nord²

2008

Nordic Journal of Music Therapy

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“…However, it probably results in a conservative estimate of the extent of health improvement among older adults, because the percentage of older adults living in nursing homes has declined in the past 20-25 years (Bishop 1999;Manton and Gu 2001), so the NHIS now samples from a broader and possibly less healthy cross-section of the older population. It is also likely that the bias most severely affects the estimates for my highest-education group, because the decline in the relative size of the nursing home population has occurred most rapidly among the most advantaged segments of the population (Ness, Ahmed and Aronow 2004). The estimates in table 1 thus probably understate the legree to which recent gains in health among older adults have been concentrated among college graduates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rising Significance of Education for Health?

Goesling

2007

Social Forces

108

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Research on inequality in America shows evidence of a growing social and economic divide between college graduates and people without college degrees. This article examines whether disparities in health between education groups have also recently increased. Pooled crosssectional regression analyses of data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) show that educational disparities in self-reported health status increased from 1982 to 2004 among older adults but held relatively steady or narrowed amongyounger adults. Sensitivity analyses show that the trends do not totally or primarily reflect change in the demographic composition of education groups. The trend of increasing disparities amongolder adults might reflectlarge and growingeducational disparities in economic resources, health-promoting behaviors, or the use of health services and medical technology.The last two decades of the 20th century saw a sharp upswing in levels of social and economic inequality in the United States. As predicted by Bell (1973) and other social theorists, much of this trend reflects increasing inequality on the basis of education levels, particularly between college-educated men and women and those without college degrees. Increasing disparities in narnings between education groups account for about one-third of the increase in overall wage inequality since the early 1980s (Bernhardt et al. 2001). Educational disparities in work conditions, employment benefits and job satisfaction have also increased (Fligstein and Shin 2004). Freeman (1999:4) warns that this "new inequality" is leading toward a "two-tiered society... in which the successful and uppermiddle classes live fundamentally different from the working classes and poor." If Freeman is correct, then education is arguably the main dividing line by which these tiers are split.In this article, 1 add to recent inequality research by examining whether disparities in health between education groups have also recently increased. Health, like wealth, is a main dimension of individual welt-being, yet researchers know much less about trends in health disparities between education groups than about trends in earnings or income disparities. Evidence of increasing disparities in health would bolster claims of a growing social divide on the basis

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“…This suggests that the racial composition of nursing home residents will become more diverse over time. While recent studies point to increased nursing home use among blacks (Ness, Ahmed, and Aronow ; Smith et al. ; Feng et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nursing Home Quality and Financial Performance: Does the Racial Composition of Residents Matter?

Chisholm

Weech‐Maldonado

Laberge

et al. 2013

Health Services Research

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Objective To examine the effects of the racial composition of residents on nursing homes’ financial and quality performance. The study examined Medicare and Medicaid certified nursing homes across the United States that submitted Medicare cost reports between the years of 1999 and 2004 (11,472 average per year). Data source Data were obtained from the Minimum Data Set (MDS), the On-Line Survey Certification and Reporting (OSCAR), Medicare Cost Reports, and the Area Resource File (ARF). Study design Panel data regression with random intercepts and negative binomial regression were conducted with state and year fixed effects. Principal findings Financial and quality performance differed between nursing homes with high proportions of Black residents and nursing homes with no or medium proportions of Black residents. Nursing homes with no Black residents had higher revenues and higher operating margins and total profit margins and they exhibited better processes and outcomes than nursing homes with high proportions of Black residents. Conclusion Nursing homes’ financial viability and quality of care are influenced by the racial composition of residents. Policymakers should consider initiatives to improve both the financial and quality performance of nursing homes serving predominantly Black residents.

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Demographics and Payment Characteristics of Nursing Home Residents in the United States: A 23-Year Trend

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

“The Day the Music Died”

“The Day the Music Died”

The Rising Significance of Education for Health?

Nursing Home Quality and Financial Performance: Does the Racial Composition of Residents Matter?

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