Demographic profile and epidemiology of injury in Mthatha, South Africa

Dhaffala, A; Longo-Mbenza, Benjamin; Kingu, Jh; Peden, Margaret M.; Kafuko-Bwoye, A.; Clarke, Matthew J.; Mazwai, E. L.

doi:10.4314/ahs.v13i4.40

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Furthermore, young men living in South Africa face extremely high rates of interpersonal violence. A study assessing hospital data on injuries within the Mthatha Hospital Complex in South Africa, found that the majority of injuries occurred among men, with 60% of all cases being for acts of interpersonal violence [27]. Despite extremely high levels of PTEs within men participating in our study, we found that this was not significantly associated with increased depression symptomology or inconsistent condom use.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…In South Africa, where reports of violence are known to under-estimate the true prevalence [25], 20% of women attending antenatal care reported experiencing sexual violence, among the highest prevalence in the world [22, 26]. Among adolescent men, experiences of perpetrating or witnessing interpersonal violence drive rates of trauma exposure [11, 24, 27]. This is significant as earlier research among South African adolescent men demonstrated an association between witnessing community violence and high sexual HIV risk behaviours such as multiple concurrent sexual partnerships [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, type, and correlates of trauma exposure among adolescent men and women in Soweto, South Africa: implications for HIV prevention

et al. 2016

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BackgroundYouth trauma exposure is associated with syndemic HIV risk. We measured lifetime prevalence, type, and correlates of trauma experience by gender among adolescents living in the HIV hyper-endemic setting of Soweto, South Africa.MethodsUsing data from the Botsha Bophelo Adolescent Health Survey (BBAHS), prevalence of “ever” experiencing a traumatic event among adolescents (aged 14–19) was assessed using a modified Traumatic Event Screening Inventory-Child (TESI-C) scale (19 items, study alpha = 0.63). We assessed self-reported number of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) experienced overall and by gender. Gender-stratified multivariable logistic regression models assessed independent correlates of ‘high PTE score’ (≥7 PTEs).ResultsOverall, 767/830 (92%) participants were included (58% adolescent women). Nearly all (99.7%) reported experiencing at least one PTE. Median PTE was 7 [Q1,Q3: 5-9], with no gender differences (p = 0.19). Adolescent men reported more violent PTEs (e.g., “seen an act of violence in the community”) whereas women reported more non-violent HIV/AIDS-related PTEs (e.g., “family member or someone close died of HIV/AIDS”). High PTE score was independently associated with high food insecurity among adolescent men and women (aOR = 2.63, 95%CI = 1.36-5.09; aOR = 2.57, 95%CI = 1.55-4.26, respectively). For men, high PTE score was also associated with older age (aOR = 1.40/year, 95%CI = 1.21-1.63); and recently moving to Soweto (aOR = 2.78, 95%CI = 1.14-6.76). Among women, high PTE score was associated with depression using the CES-D scale (aOR = 2.00, 95%CI = 1.31-3.03,) and inconsistent condom use vs. no sexual experience (aOR = 2.69, 95%CI = 1.66-4.37).ConclusionNearly all adolescents in this study experienced trauma, with gendered differences in PTE types and correlates, but not prevalence. Exposure to PTEs were distributed along social and gendered axes. Among adolescent women, associations with depression and inconsistent condom use suggest pathways for HIV risk. HIV prevention interventions targeting adolescents must address the syndemics of trauma and HIV through the scale-up of gender-transformative, youth-centred, trauma-informed integrated HIV and mental health services.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3832-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, type, and correlates of trauma exposure among adolescent men and women in Soweto, South Africa: implications for HIV prevention

et al. 2016

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“…Out of the total injured household number, males were more affected than females in the study. It is similar to other injury studies from different countries (2,3,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) . The reason might be due to male involvement in risk taking behaviors and social interactions, which are highly correlated with injuries (14)(15)(16)(17) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Injury was more common among individuals from household of the second-tier wealth index compared with highest tier. Different injury studies indicate low socioeconomic status as a risk factor for the occurrence of injury (12,26,32,33) . However, this current study found that the lowest wealth index was not a factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fall Injury and Socio-Demographic Characteristics among House Hold in Ethiopia

Mulugeta¹,

Bediru²,

Ashuro³

et al. 2020

IJPHRD

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Background: Fall injuries are a public health problem throughout the world including Africa. Studies in Ethiopia are health facility-based and do not reflect the communities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess association between fall injury and socio-demographic characteristics among house hold in Ethiopia. Methods:The study was based on the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016. The survey collected information about injuries in the past 12 months among 16,650 households. Households were selected using stratified cluster sampling procedure. Data were collected using a standard interview questionnaire from January 18, 2016 to June 27, 2016. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses were used to characterize the data and to identify the factors associated with fall injuries, respectively.Result: A total of 16,650 (98%) heads of household participated in the study with 152 reported at least one household member injured from a fall in the past 12 months. Among household members who were involved in a fall, 95.4% survived and 5.6% died. Selected socio-demographic characteristics: Household head sex [

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“…One: Nigerian workers highlight the issue of hearing loss with increasing age (presbycussis). 24 They report that the commonest symptoms were hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. Hearing impairment affected both speech and higher frequencies.…”

Section: Nodding Syndrome (Ns) Still An Enigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Infections and non-communicable diseases that just refuse to go away

Tumwine¹

2014

Afr H. Sci.

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Infections and non-communicable diseases that just refuse to go away What is new in HIV/AIDs and hepatitis?Here we discuss the latest information on the above subject. Tanzanian workers report a knowledge gap among attendees on of antenatal care clinics. (PMTCT), especially at primary health care facilities. 1 This is disappointing because a lot of effort and resources have been invested in PMTCT. But they are not alone. South African authors have found that while traditional healers play a key role in the diagnosis and management of sexually transmitted infections including HI/AIDS, they have serious shortcomings especially poor diagnosis. 2 Testing for HIV remains a very important strategy for HIV prevention in South Africa especially for young people. Over 50% of the youth reported that they had had an HIV test with females more likely to test than males. 3 This is timely because work in Lesotho has shown that health workers attribute HIV/AIDS to changing lifestyles and demographic profiles. 4 In fact family dynamics in adherence to HAART has been studied by Nigerian workers. 5 Most of the respondents were adherent and attributed this to care and support they received from their families. In a related article, Ugandan authors report on knowledge, attitude and barriers to condom use among female sex workers and truck drivers among whom the risk of HIV remains high. 6 They conclude that condom use is still hampered by socioeconomic and relationship factors.Co-infection of HIV and hepatitis B among children on HAART has hardly been reported from Africa. Work from Nigeria shows a prevalence of 6%. Co-infected children were more likely to have low CD4 counts. 7 Outcome of patients on HAART remains poor with a very high mortality of 21% reported from Uganda is a cause for concern. 8 The main causes were opportunistic infections, malignancy and AZT associated anemia. Dyslipidaemia and dysglycaemia are serious problem among patients on HAART. Ghanaian authors have found that HAART was associated with lipodystrophy and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 9 Hepatitis remains a big challenge in Africa. The prevalence of hepatitis B antigemia (HBsAg) among pregnant women was 6.6% consistent with reports from elsewhere in Africa 10 .

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Demographic profile and epidemiology of injury in Mthatha, South Africa

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Prevalence, type, and correlates of trauma exposure among adolescent men and women in Soweto, South Africa: implications for HIV prevention

Prevalence, type, and correlates of trauma exposure among adolescent men and women in Soweto, South Africa: implications for HIV prevention

Fall Injury and Socio-Demographic Characteristics among House Hold in Ethiopia

Editorial: Infections and non-communicable diseases that just refuse to go away

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