Demographic Profile and Clinical History of Newly Diagnosed Mitral Stenosis Patients

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the demographic profile and clinical characteristics of newly diagnosed mitral stenosis (MS) patients. Methodology: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, patients between 15 to 65 years of age newly diagnosed with MS were included. Data regarding demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, risk factors, predisposing factors, and echocardiographic findings were obtained. Results: A total of 125 patients were included, overall mean age was 34.12±12.33 years, 61.6% (77) were from rural areas, and 66.4% (83) were females. Only 18.4% (23) confirmed history of rheumatic fever. The most common presenting complaint was dyspnea, 91.2% (114), followed by palpitation, 60.8% (76). Severity of MS was very severe in 8.8% (11), severe in 74.4% (93), and progressive in remaining 16.8% (21). Left atrial thrombus was seen in 8% (10), left atrial smoke in 9.6% (12), and vegetation were seen in 3.2% (4) of the patients. Mean ejection fraction was 54.06±9.5% and 28% (35) of the patients had left ventricular dysfunction. Most common associated valve pathology was aortic stenosis, 75.2% (94), followed by aortic regurgitation, 48.8% (61), and mitral regurgitation, 28.8% (36). Conclusion: In conclusion, patients newly diagnosed with MS are predominantly females and rural residents with a majority having severe disease. Common clinical manifestation is dyspnea followed by palpitations. History of rheumatic fever was lesser known, hence, mass level screening and awareness programs are needed for the eradication of rheumatic heart disease from our population.