Demographic predictors of objectification theory and tripartite influence model constructs: The U.S. Body Project I

Frederick, David A.; Pila, Eva; Malcarne, Vanessa L.; Compte, Emilio J.; Nagata, Jason M.; Best, Cassidy R.; Cook‐Cottone, Catherine; Brown, Tiffany A.; Convertino, Alexandra D.; Crerand, Canice E.; Parent, Michael C.; Pennesi, Jamie‐Lee; Perez, Marisol; Rodgers, Rachel F.; Schaefer, Lauren M.; Thompson, J. Kevin; Tylka, Tracy L.; Murray, Stuart B.

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.12.012

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…This finding may be explained in the context of the societal pressures that men and women face. The pressures placed on women to conform to beauty ideals and the degree to which their bodies are objectified and scrutinized tend to be greater than for men, with women experiencing greater body-surveillance, thin-ideal internalization, appearance-related media pressures, and family pressures ( Grogan, 2016 ; Frederick et al, 2022b ). In addition, recent work has shown women to be more likely to follow a weight loss diet or to attempt to control their appearance through crash diets/fasting ( Frederick et al, 2022a ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intuitive eating in Greek-Cypriot adults: Influence of gender and body mass

Argyrides

Anastasiades²

2022

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionTo date, research on eating behaviors has largely taken a pathological approach. Researchers are increasingly taking a positive approach to explore adaptive eating styles. One such style that has recently received much research attention is intuitive eating. Recent work examining intuitive eating and its relationships with body mass and gender has yielded mixed findings. The current study explored the differential effects of gender and body mass on intuitive eating scores in a sample of Greek-Cypriot adults.MethodA total of 1,312 adult participants (women n = 655; Mage = 34.49) completed the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 and provided demographic information. ResultsOur analyses revealed that men reported significantly higher intuitive eating scores than women. Body mass was significantly inversely associated with intuitive eating in both men and women. Additionally, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated significant interaction effects between gender and body mass on intuitive eating. These interaction effects were explored for each of the four subscales of intuitive eating, identifying differential associations for intuitive eating and BMI between men and women. DiscussionBoth gender and body mass are important factors which influence intuitive eating levels in Greek-Cypriot adults. Discussions of how these findings can inform future research, theory and practice are presented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intuitive eating in Greek-Cypriot adults: Influence of gender and body mass

Argyrides

Anastasiades²

2022

Front. Psychol.

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“…The stimuli used source cues most people would view as credible (e.g., Harvard study reported by New York Times ), which might strengthen the effects of the frames. Future research should examine ethnicity as a moderator because past research finds that Black women are more likely to than White women report positive body image (Grabe & Hyde, 2006) and lower internalization of the thin ideal (Frederick et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scale includes five items. Two items on the scale ask about attitudes toward “thin” people, which we changed to “slender” in the current study because of concerns that, for some participants, the term “thin” evokes images other than simply being lean or having low body fat (Frederick et al, 2019). The term “thin” causes people to imagine men and women who approach the extreme end of low body fat—less body fat than a person who is “slim” or “normal weight” (Greenleaf, Starks, Gomez, Chambliss, & Martin, 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can she be healthy at her weight? Effects of news media frames on antifat attitudes, dieting intentions, and perceived health risks of obesity.

Frederick¹,

Tomiyama²,

Bold³

et al. 2020

Stigma and Health

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News media reports of medical studies typically support the traditional public health crisis frame, which describes fatness as inherently unhealthy and under personal control. Less often, news articles emphasize the Health at Every Size (HAES) perspective that fatness is not inherently unhealthy and is largely beyond individual control. Messages supporting and challenging the acceptability of stigmatizing fatness also routinely appear (pro-vs. antistigma frames). We tested whether these competing frames affect attitudes toward fat people. Across 3 experiments (N ϭ 2,964), adults completed survey measures after reading constructed news articles describing competing frames of fatness. Compared with people who read fat-positive frames (healthy, uncontrollable, antistigma), people who read fat-negative frames (unhealthy, controllable, prostigma) expressed more belief in the health risks of being fat (ds ϭ 0.90 -1.05), skepticism that women categorized as overweight or obese can be healthy at their weights (ds ϭ 0.51-.65), intentions to diet if they gained weight (ds ϭ 0.23-0.41), support for charging obese people more for health insurance (ds ϭ 0.26 -0.77), antifat attitudes (ds ϭ 0.19 -0.45), negative judgments of fat people (ds ϭ 0.17-0.19), support for weight-based job discrimination and prejudice (ds ϭ 0.36 -0.66), and less willingness to celebrate body-size diversity (ds ϭ 0.35-0.71). However, adding antistigma messages to public health crisis frames somewhat tempered the expression of prejudice. We conclude that news media frames have immediate impacts on weight-related attitudes.

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“…Self-objectification manifests through the practice of body monitoring, that is, using cognitive resources for evaluation of one’s body appearance from an observer’s perspective to determine whether one’s body is attractive enough and hence, good enough (Calogero, 2012; Mckinley & Hyde, 1996). Even though objectification theory was developed as an attempt to explain the effects of self-objectification in women, such as body shame and sexual dysfunction (Dakanalis & Riva, 2013), more recent research demonstrates the prevalence of self-objectification in men (Frederick et al, 2022; Harsey & Zurbriggen, 2021).…”

Section: Self-objectificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of self-objectification on viewers’ narrative engagement.

Acic¹,

Taylor²

2023

Psychology of Popular Media

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Previous research has shown that being in a state of self-objectification (i.e., evaluating one's own body based on how others perceive it) is likely to influence task performance. It is, however, unclear whether and how being in a self-objectifying state while viewing an entertainment media narrative is likely to influence individuals' engagement with the narrative. In an online experiment (N = 255), state selfobjectification was manipulated by asking participants to take a selfie (or not) prior to exposure to an entertainment media narrative. We tested the influence of state self-objectification on four modes of narrative engagement: comprehension, transportation, identification, and enjoyment. Results showed that participants in the self-objectifying condition subsequently experienced increased narrative comprehension, transportation, and enjoyment via state self-objectification; there were no significant effects on identification. After accounting for the positive indirect effect of the self-objectifying condition on transportation, there remained a significant negative main effect of condition on transportation. Results are discussed in terms of factors likely to influence the depth of entertainment media engagement, and in terms of the potential effects of selfie-taking. Public Policy Relevance StatementIndividuals turn to entertainment media narratives more than any other type of media message. In this study, we identify the level of state self-objectification as one factor that is likely to influence the way people engage with televised entertainment media narratives.

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Demographic predictors of objectification theory and tripartite influence model constructs: The U.S. Body Project I

Cited by 40 publications

References 141 publications

Intuitive eating in Greek-Cypriot adults: Influence of gender and body mass

Intuitive eating in Greek-Cypriot adults: Influence of gender and body mass

Can she be healthy at her weight? Effects of news media frames on antifat attitudes, dieting intentions, and perceived health risks of obesity.

Effects of self-objectification on viewers’ narrative engagement.

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