Demographic predictors of body image satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I

Frederick, David A.; Crerand, Canice E.; Brown, Tiffany A.; Perez, Marisol; Best, Cassidy R.; Cook‐Cottone, Catherine; Compte, Emilio J.; Convertino, Alexandra D.; Gordon, Allegra R.; Malcarne, Vanessa L.; Nagata, Jason M.; Parent, Michael C.; Pennesi, Jamie‐Lee; Pila, Eva; Rodgers, Rachel F.; Schaefer, Lauren M.; Thompson, J. Kevin; Tylka, Tracy L.; Murray, Stuart B.

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.011

Cited by 52 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…That these depictions from western media can have influences on people is well documented (Becker et al, 2002, 2011; Devine et al, 2022). Frederick et al (2022) found that women were preoccupied with maintaining a weight within societal parameters. Their appearance priorities were linked to weight loss more than other features.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

She's got legs: Longer legs in female comic book characters correspond to global preferences.

Burch¹,

Widman²

2024

Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences

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Previous studies have shown that comic book bodies are supernormal stimuli, exaggerated in dimensions that are attractive to primarily male comic book consumers. Following the same methodologies as previous experiments, this study examined height and leg length measurements of comic book characters in both Marvel and DC comics. In accordance with the literature on leg length and attractiveness, we predicted that comic book women would have longer legs than comic book men and would have longer than average legs, matching preferences shown in cross-cultural studies. We also hypothesized that comic book women would be depicted as wearing heels or walking on tiptoe more often, as this further elongates the legs. Results showed that female comic character leg length matched the most common preferred leg length in cross-cultural studies and 86%-88% of female characters were drawn as either wearing high heels or walking or standing on tiptoe. Public Significance StatementThis work furthers the study of popular culture products and how they reflect the evolutionary preferences of their target audiences. In this case, comic book women are drawn with elongated legs and in heels and on tiptoe to further lengthen their legs, which men prefer. This creates exaggerated and hypersexualized depictions of women that can influence both male and female perceptions of normal body types.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

She's got legs: Longer legs in female comic book characters correspond to global preferences.

Burch¹,

Widman²

2024

Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences

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“…Frontiers in Psychology 06 frontiersin.org weight loss diet or to attempt to control their appearance through crash diets/fasting (Frederick et al, 2022a). Consequently, women may be more likely to impose restrictions on their food consumption and be less likely to rely on their internal physiological hunger and satiety cues to guide their eating behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pressures placed on women to conform to beauty ideals and the degree to which their bodies are objectified and scrutinized tend to be greater than for men, with women experiencing greater body-surveillance, thin-ideal internalization, appearance-related media pressures, and family pressures ( Grogan, 2016 ; Frederick et al, 2022b ). In addition, recent work has shown women to be more likely to follow a weight loss diet or to attempt to control their appearance through crash diets/fasting ( Frederick et al, 2022a ). Consequently, women may be more likely to impose restrictions on their food consumption and be less likely to rely on their internal physiological hunger and satiety cues to guide their eating behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to gender, there is much evidence suggesting that women face increased societal pressures to conform to unrealistic beauty ideals, with women generally reporting higher levels of body dissatisfaction and lower levels of body appreciation. Even though men also face increasing pressure to conform to ideals (i.e., an athletic, muscular physique; Frederick et al, 2022c ), evidence suggests that the pressure and scrutiny women face is both more frequent and more severe ( Grogan, 2016 ; Frederick et al, 2022a ). Research exploring the links between intuitive eating and gender and body mass has yielded mixed findings ( Linardon et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intuitive eating in Greek-Cypriot adults: Influence of gender and body mass

Argyrides

Anastasiades²

2022

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionTo date, research on eating behaviors has largely taken a pathological approach. Researchers are increasingly taking a positive approach to explore adaptive eating styles. One such style that has recently received much research attention is intuitive eating. Recent work examining intuitive eating and its relationships with body mass and gender has yielded mixed findings. The current study explored the differential effects of gender and body mass on intuitive eating scores in a sample of Greek-Cypriot adults.MethodA total of 1,312 adult participants (women n = 655; Mage = 34.49) completed the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 and provided demographic information. ResultsOur analyses revealed that men reported significantly higher intuitive eating scores than women. Body mass was significantly inversely associated with intuitive eating in both men and women. Additionally, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated significant interaction effects between gender and body mass on intuitive eating. These interaction effects were explored for each of the four subscales of intuitive eating, identifying differential associations for intuitive eating and BMI between men and women. DiscussionBoth gender and body mass are important factors which influence intuitive eating levels in Greek-Cypriot adults. Discussions of how these findings can inform future research, theory and practice are presented.

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“…El presente trabajo concluye, en relación con la cuarta hipótesis (H4) que se ha corroborado, con la definición de un modelo estadístico novedoso que explica y predice la probabilidad de que los individuos puedan percibir negativamente a las preadolescentes en cuanto a que den más valor a su aspecto físico que al resto de sus capacidades, sobreexpongan su imagen con facilidad o asuman comportamientos adultos que nos les corresponden, en función de las actitudes de los propios individuos sobre la representación adultizada, hipersexualizada e idealizada de estas menores en las comunicaciones comerciales y sobre la aceptación generalizada de este tipo de imágenes comerciales de las menores, y en función del sexo y de la edad de los mismos individuos. Estas variables podrían completarse en un estudio posterior con otras características socioculturales como la imagen corporal y la raza de los encuestados, pues se ha demostrado su in luencia como predictores de preocupación sobre la apariencia (Frederick et al, 2022). Asimismo, podría estudiarse en las preadolescentes los efectos de proyectar una imagen sexualizada, así como se ha estudiado el efecto de una imagen irreal (delgada, adultizada) del cuerpo infanto-juvenil en la desafección por su cuerpo o los desórdenes alimentarios (Jiménez-Marín et al, 2017).…”

Section: Conclusionesunclassified

Sobreexposición e hipersexualización para vender más: percepciones y actitudes sociales sobre las preadolescentes en comunicaciones comerciales

Rodríguez¹,

González²,

Ventisca³

et al. 2022

RLCS

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Introducción. Las preadolescentes siguen patrones de las influencers para su entretenimiento, y pueden imitar la exhibición pública de contenido personal como forma de venta en su proceso de socialización. Objetivo. Este artículo analiza las percepciones y actitudes de la sociedad española sobre las representaciones de las menores en las comunicaciones comerciales. Metodología. Se ha realizado una encuesta telefónica a 346 hogares en toda España entre 18 y 65 años. Resultados. en 8 de cada 10 hogares se percibe que las preadolescentes sobreexponen fácilmente su imagen (78,7%), dan mayor valor a su aspecto físico que a otros aspectos (78,8%) y asumen patrones adultos de comportamiento (77,7%). Respecto a su representación en comunicaciones comerciales, se piensa que la publicidad muestra una imagen de ellas mucho mayores de lo que son (86,4%), idealizada (84,8%) e hipersexualizada con el objetivo de vender más (83,1%), y que los estilismos no son acordes con la edad de las preadolescentes (73,7%). Conclusiones. La percepción global de las preadolescentes en la sociedad española es de una aceptación generalizada de imagen irreal, idealizada y de mayor edad que las hace vulnerables. Recomendaciones. Por su uso elevado, frecuente y exclusivo de los medios digitales es necesario que los preadolescentes desarrollen competencias que les den acceso a un capital cultural más relevante. La alfabetización digital puede ser un factor de inclusión social al desarrollar valores que fomenten su integración como sujetos críticos y activos.

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Demographic predictors of body image satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I

Cited by 52 publications

References 108 publications

She's got legs: Longer legs in female comic book characters correspond to global preferences.

She's got legs: Longer legs in female comic book characters correspond to global preferences.

Intuitive eating in Greek-Cypriot adults: Influence of gender and body mass

Sobreexposición e hipersexualización para vender más: percepciones y actitudes sociales sobre las preadolescentes en comunicaciones comerciales

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