Demographic parameters of a free‐ranging deep‐diving cetacean, the long‐finned pilot whale

Verborgh, Philippe; Gauffier, Pauline; Esteban, Ruth; Stephanis, Renaud de

doi:10.1111/mms.12752

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…All values were obtained from AnAge (De Magalhaes & Costa, 2009) aside from the long‐finned pilot whale, which was obtained from Verborgh et al. (2021). (c) Encephalization quotients (EQ).…”

Section: Adaptive Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

No time to die: Evolution of a post‐reproductive life stage

Monaghan

Ivimey‐Cook

2023

Journal of Zoology

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In some species, permanent curtailment of reproduction part‐way through the lifespan of adult females is a feature of their evolved life history. The existence of such a post‐reproductive life stage is apparently rare; reasonably robust evidence for this is confined to only six species (humans, Asian elephants and four whales). That it occurs at all appears to contradict our view of natural selection operating to maximize fitness and special circumstances must exist to explain its occurrence. We evaluate the main hypotheses posited to explain the evolution of this life stage, why it occurs in a restricted group of animals, and why only in females. We bring together literature from multiple biological disciplines and levels of enquiry, ranging through evolutionary ecology, developmental biology, physiology, neuroscience, molecular biology, and human medicine. We conclude that while time‐limited fertility is not in itself adaptive, the duration of subsequent survival is likely to be linked to inclusive fitness benefits. We present a new hypothesis which posits that the duration of female fertility in certain long‐lived, highly encephalised species, with no post‐natal oogenesis, is limited by the need for intense screening of oocyte mitochondria. This is required to support endothermy coupled with the very high energy requirement for the development and maintenance of the exceptionally large brain size required for complex social living. This limits the number and shelf‐life of oocytes, creating an antagonistically pleotropic effect that is beneficial to the production of high performing offspring but carries the later life cost of time‐limited female fertility. But the end of the fertile period is no time to die. Inclusive fitness benefits arising from protracted parental care of offspring, overlapping generations, and kin group structures means that continued survival of post‐reproductive females is favoured by selection. We suggest further lines of research to test these ideas.

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Section: Adaptive Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

No time to die: Evolution of a post‐reproductive life stage

Monaghan

Ivimey‐Cook

2023

Journal of Zoology

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“…Therefore, the structure of living cetacean populations are built on the basis of life or vital stages, that is to say, particular, easily identifiable phases of their life-cycle (e.g. Fujwara & Caswell, 2001;Caswell & Fujiwara, 2004;Verborgh et al, 2020). The life-cycle transition graph is a simple dynamic model of the whole species' life-cycle, and accounts for the different life stages and the probability of survival during the transition from one stage to another.…”

Section: Difficult Data Collection Vital Stages and Transition Graphsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of Long-Lived Marine Species: Some Hints for Adopting a Population Approach

Santangelo

2022

ACMAR

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Long-lived species, whose life-span can amply exceed one century, play a fundamental role within marine communities. However, due to the short time windows covered by most research our knowledge of their demography is quite limited, consequently severely limiting the possibility of understanding their complex dynamics over the long run. Moreover, several aspects of the life-history of long-lived populations are largely unknown. This short review describes some examples of demographic analyses in terrestrial ecology, which are then applied to long-lived marine species. The ultimate aim is to suggest that wider application of demographic concepts and models could improve our ability to understand how these populations might respond to unusual increases in mortality rates due to Global Climate Changes and other sources of anthropogenic disturbance. In this framework, close, continuous, reciprocal and dialectic interaction between population mathematicians and field marine ecologists could greatly help to both design the necessary research and set out improved population dynamic models for such species. Such models would constitute an important first step in increasing our knowledge, and thereby implementing management plans for fostering the conservation of long-lived marine species, which too frequently have been defined by international conservation authorities. Keywords: demography, mortality tables, life-tables, gorgonian corals, cetaceans.

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“…In such cases, observations of older or unknown‐aged offspring can be excluded from the analysis (Kendall et al, 2004), but such an approach, at best, discards valuable information that could improve estimation, and, at worst, yields biased reproductive rate estimates if YOY are misidentified as older offspring or vice versa. Recently, researchers have begun incorporating sightings of older offspring into analyses to estimate offspring survival, but these approaches assume that offspring age is determined with certainty (Arso Civil et al, 2019; Couet et al, 2019; Cubaynes et al, 2021; Lunn et al, 2016; Regehr et al, 2018; Verborgh et al, 2021). These methods also rely on either relatively high offspring detection rates or high numbers of within‐year surveys, and often assume a fixed (and known) mother‐offspring association period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating reproductive and juvenile survival rates when offspring ages are uncertain: A novel multievent mark‐resight model with beluga whale case study

et al. 2022

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1. Understanding the survival and reproductive rates of a population is critical to determining its long-term dynamics and viability. Mark-resight models are often used to estimate these demographic rates, but estimation of survival and reproductive rates is challenging, especially for wide-ranging, patchily distributed, or cryptic species. In particular, existing mark-resight models cannot accommodate data from populations in which offspring remain with parents for multiple years, are not always detected, and cannot be aged with certainty.2. Here we describe a Bayesian multievent mark-resight modelling framework that uses all available adult and adult-offspring sightings (including sightings with older offspring of uncertain age) to estimate reproductive rates and survival rates of adults and juveniles. We extend existing multievent mark-resight models that typically only incorporate adult breeding state uncertainty by additionally accounting for age uncertainty in unmarked offspring and uncertainty in the duration of the mother-offspring association. We describe our model in general terms and with a simple illustrative example, then apply it in a more complex empirical setting using 13 years of photo-ID data from a critically endangered population of beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas. We evaluated model performance using simulated data under a range of sample sizes, and adult and offspring detection rates.3. Applying our model to the beluga data yielded precise estimates for all demographic rates of interest (despite substantial uncertainty in calf ages), including nonbreeder survival and reproductive rates lower than in other beluga populations. Simulations suggested our model yields asymptotically unbiased parameter estimates with good precision and low bias even with moderate sample sizes and detection rates. 4. This work represents an important new development in multievent mark-resight modelling, allowing estimation of reproductive and juvenile survival rates for 2041210x, 0

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Demographic parameters of a free‐ranging deep‐diving cetacean, the long‐finned pilot whale

Cited by 10 publications

References 57 publications

No time to die: Evolution of a post‐reproductive life stage

No time to die: Evolution of a post‐reproductive life stage

Conservation of Long-Lived Marine Species: Some Hints for Adopting a Population Approach

Estimating reproductive and juvenile survival rates when offspring ages are uncertain: A novel multievent mark‐resight model with beluga whale case study

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