Demographic factors associated with dietary supplement prescriptions filled by United States Military Service Members 2005–2013

Knapik, Joseph J.; Jean, Rosenie Thelus; Austin, Krista G.; Steelman, Ryan; Farina, Emily K.; Lieberman, Harris R.

doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1590-x

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…One of the most dramatic trends observed was a large increase in the incidence rate for vitamin D deficiencies beginning about 2007. Prescriptions written by health care providers for vitamin D and filled by SMs increased 55-fold from 2005 to 2013 [ 20 ], and prescription fill rates were higher among women, increased with age, and were highest in the Army and lowest in the Marines [ 23 ], corresponding with the data presented here. In 1997 (the beginning of our survey period), an Institute of Medicine (IOM) report established the adequate intake level for vitamin D at 200 International Units (IU) for adults based on the amount of dietary intake required to achieve a serum level of plasma 25(OH) D level of about 30 nmols/l [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Data from NHANES (2003–2008) indicated women were more likely than men to have insufficient intakes of folate, vitamin B 12 , and vitamin D [ 43 , 45 ]. Women may be more likely to be diagnosed with various illnesses since they use more medical care than men [ 23 , 46 – 48 ] even after excluding visits for pregnancy [ 46 , 48 ]. Age was also associated with vitamin deficiencies/disorders since 9 of 13 vitamin deficiency/disorder categories (thiamin, niacin, pyridoxine, vitamin B 12 , other B-complex, vitamin D, “other vitamins”, and hypervitaminoses A and D) increased with age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamins C and D did not show the age-related trend [ 49 ]. Also, previous studies show that for most major diagnostic categories, ambulatory visits and filling of drug prescriptions are higher among older individuals compared to younger ones [ 23 , 46 ], evidence of greater health care use with aging. With regard to race, blacks had higher disorder/deficiency rates in 10 of 15 categories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinically-diagnosed vitamin deficiencies and disorders in the entire United States military population, 1997–2015

Knapik

Farina

Fulgoni

et al. 2021

Nutr J

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Background This study examined incidence rates, temporal trends, and demographic factors associated with vitamin deficiencies/disorders in all United States military personnel from 1997 to 2015 (mean N = 1,382,266/year). Methods Employing an ecological study design, the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database and specific International Classification of Diseases codes were used to determine incidence rates for clinically-diagnosed vitamin deficiencies/disorders. Associations with demographic factors were examined. Results The overall incidence rate of vitamin deficiencies/disorders was 92.7 cases/100,000 person-years (p-yr). Highest rates were for vitamin D (53.7 cases/100,000 p-yr), other B-complex vitamins (20.2 cases, 100,000 p-yr), vitamin B12 anemia (7.6 cases/100,000 p-yr), deficiencies of “other vitamins” (5.9 cases/100,000 p-yr), and vitamin A (2.5 cases/100,000 p-yr). Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folate, vitamin C, and vitamin K deficiencies and hypervitaminoses A and D had < 1 case/100,000 p-yr. Rates for vitamin D, other B-complex, “other vitamin”, and thiamin deficiencies increased over time, while vitamin A and C deficiencies decreased. Women had higher incidence rates for all examined deficiencies/ disorders except niacin and vitamin C. Incidence rates rose with age in 8 of 15 deficiency/disorder categories and blacks had higher incidence rates in 9 of 15 deficiency/disorder categories. Conclusions The overall rate of clinically-diagnosed vitamin deficiencies and disorders was low but higher in women and minority subgroups. As for most illnesses, the diagnosed incidence of such disorders may be an underestimate of the actual incidence. These findings can guide clinical decision making with regard to testing for nutritional deficiencies and delivering public health information to at risk populations. Clinical trial registration (No. ISRCTN58987177). Registration date 9 October 2019.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinically-diagnosed vitamin deficiencies and disorders in the entire United States military population, 1997–2015

Knapik

Farina

Fulgoni

et al. 2021

Nutr J

Self Cite

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“…Next, we studied dietary supplements that are available over the counter. It may be beneficial to include prescription supplements in future studies to get a more comprehensive understanding of dietary supplement use [ 22 , 23 ]. Recent manuscripts have discussed biomarkers as an approach to monitor any AEs of dietary supplements [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may be beneficial to include prescription supplements in future studies to get a more comprehensive understanding of dietary supplement use [ 22 , 23 ]. Recent manuscripts have discussed biomarkers as an approach to monitor any AEs of dietary supplements [ 22 ]. Measuring these markers, if validated, may demonstrate more utility in identifying if supplements have AEs on our service members.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reported dietary supplement use in deployed United States service members pre-deployment vs. during deployment, Afghanistan, 2013–2014

Varney

Perez

et al. 2017

Military Med Res

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BackgroundDietary supplement use (protein/amino acids, weight-loss supplements, performance enhancers) is common among U.S. military members. Reported dietary supplement use in deployed troops is limited and is of concern in settings where troops are exposed to high ambient temperatures, increased physical demands, and dehydration. Our objective was to describe dietary supplement use and adverse events (AEs) among deployed U.S. service members compared with their pre-deployment use.MethodsWe conducted an institutional review board (IRB) approved, descriptive study in Afghanistan using a written questionnaire and collected demographic information, dietary supplement use before and during deployment, AEs associated with supplement use, and physical workout routines. Participants were U.S. military personnel of all branches of service deployed to Afghanistan. They were recruited in high-traffic areas in the combat theater. We analyzed the data with descriptive statistics. Paired t-test/Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to examine the before/during deployment changes for continuous data, and McNemar’s chi-square test was conducted for categorical data. We constructed separate logistic regression models to determine the best predictors of increases or decreases in dietary supplement use, with demographic information, reasons for using supplements, and education requested/received as covariates in each model. All statistical tests were two-sided at a significance level of 5% (P < 0.05).ResultsData were collected on 1685 participants. Ninety-seven of the participants were in the Army or Air Force.The participants were more likely to work out daily or more than once a day during deployment. Thirty-five percent of the participants reported no supplement use before or during deployment. The remaining 65% of participants reported increased use and increased frequency of use of supplements (e.g., daily) during deployment compared with pre-deployment. Additionally, more people followed label instructions strictly during deployment vs. pre-deployment.Overall, the frequency of self-reported AEs among supplement users remained consistent before and during deployment. The only significant difference noted was in problems falling or staying asleep, which increased during deployment. In the adjusted logistic regression models, the level of formal education, military branch, occupational specialty, education about dietary supplements, and certain reasons for using supplements (to boost energy, lose weight, gain muscle strength and mass, and as a meal replacement) were significant predictors of changes in supplement use.ConclusionDeployed U.S. service members were more likely to use dietary supplements, use more than one supplement and use supplements more frequently during deployment than pre-deployment. No serious AEs were reported, but problems falling or staying asleep increased during deployment.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40779-017-0141-6) contains supplementary material, ...

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Label-Free Quantitative Proteomic Profiling Identifies Potential Active Components to Exert Pharmacological Effects in the Fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla by Mass Spectrometry

Dai

Yuan

et al. 2020

J. Plant Biol.

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Demographic factors associated with dietary supplement prescriptions filled by United States Military Service Members 2005–2013

Cited by 5 publications

References 63 publications

Clinically-diagnosed vitamin deficiencies and disorders in the entire United States military population, 1997–2015

Clinically-diagnosed vitamin deficiencies and disorders in the entire United States military population, 1997–2015

Self-reported dietary supplement use in deployed United States service members pre-deployment vs. during deployment, Afghanistan, 2013–2014

Label-Free Quantitative Proteomic Profiling Identifies Potential Active Components to Exert Pharmacological Effects in the Fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla by Mass Spectrometry

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