Demographic, epidemiological, and virological characteristics of hepatitis E virus infections in Japan based on 254 human cases collected nationwide

敏紀, 阿部; 達也, 相川; 賢浩, 赤羽; 雅裕, 新井; 靖浩, 朝比奈; 吉成, 新敷; 一彰, 茶山; 英治, 原田; 直明, 橋本; 亜希子, 堀; 隆文, 市田; 広記, 池田; 晶久, 石川; 敬義, 伊藤; 貞憲, 姜; 吉康, 狩野; 秀章, 加藤; 将, 加藤; 万里, 川上; 直人, 北嶋; 庸雄, 北村; 尚彦, 正木; 圭二, 松林; 裕之, 松田; 淳, 松井; 浩二郎, 道堯; 弘, 三原; 克彦, 宮地; 浩, 宮川; 仁志, 水尾; 智, 持田; 光彦, 森山; 修平, 西口; 克夫, 岡田; 英胤, 齋藤; 廣, 佐久川; 実, 柴田; 一幸, 鈴木; 和明, 高橋; 剛太郎, 山田; 和秀, 山本; 太郎, 山中; 弘明, 大和; 公士, 矢野; 俊治, 三代

doi:10.2957/kanzo.47.384

Cited by 60 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Surprisingly, AHE constituted as high as 11.0% (25/228) of non-ABC hepatitis after 2002. The clinical course was generally modest, and none of the patients showed a severe type of hepatitis, probably because most domestic cases were caused by HEV genotype 3 which has been implicated with milder clinical outcome compared with HEV genotype 4 [29][30][31] . This phenomenon may reflect the fact that our sentinels involve only a few institutes in Hokkaido where HEV genotype 4 is endemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Epidemiology of Acute Viral Hepatitis in Japan

et al. 2010

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The epidemiology of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is dynamic and affected by many factors including hygiene, socioeconomic status and vaccination coverage. A total of 4,302 cases of AVH were sequentially enrolled in this nationwide study between 1980 and 2008. Of the cases of AVH, acute hepatitis A (AHA) accounted for 1,583 (36.8%), acute hepatitis B (AHB) for 1,197 (27.8%), acute hepatitis C (AHC) for 359 (8.3%), and non-A, non-B and non-C (non-ABC) for 1,163 (27.0%). Between 1980 and 1995, the proportions of AHA, AHB, AHC and non-ABC were approximately 40, 25, 10 and 25%; between 1996 and 2003, they were approximately 30, 30, 10 and 30%, and this shifted to approximately 10, 40, 10 and 40% in the last 5 years. The number of AHB caused by genotype A, which is not indigenous to Japan, was 6.0% between 1991 and 1996 but has been markedly increasing since 2000, to reach 52% in 2008. Autochthonous acute hepatitis E (AHE) accounted for 10–15% of non-ABC hepatitis after 2002. The etiology of AVH in Japan has been drastically changing. A marked increase of AHB genotype A and constant occurrence of autochthonous AHE require attention, and necessary measures should be taken.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Epidemiology of Acute Viral Hepatitis in Japan

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abe et al (2006) reported that the sero-prevalence of hepatitis E in Europe, Brazil, Japan, China, and the Middle East is respectively 0.95% -20.6%, 2.3%, 3.7%, 32.6%, and 4% -5.2% (20). Moreover, the results of a study on blood donors in industrial countries namely United States, England, France, Germany, Spain, and Italy illustrated anti-HEV sero-positivity rates of 1.2% -2.2% (20). The prevalence of hepatitis E in neighboring countries of Iran including Turkey, Kurdistan of Iraq, and Pakistan has been also reported to be respectively 3.8% (21), 14.8% (22), and 17.5% (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Among Blood Donors Referring to Blood Donation Centers in Birjand County in Iran

2016

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Background: Hepatitis E is among the most important health challenges in many countries. This study aimed at investigating the sero-prevalence of hepatitis E among blood donors in Birjand county, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed in 2013 -2014 on 340 blood donors who referred to blood donation centers in Birjand county, Iran, for blood donation. The participants were recruited through simple random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection which included items such as demographic characteristics, past medical history, history of blood transfusion, and the source of drinking water. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by an infectious disease specialist and a statistician. A five-milliliter blood sample was obtained from each donor and serological assessment was performed for detecting hepatitis E virus antibody by using the ELISA method. The data were analyzed through running logistic regression analysis using the SPSS software (version 15.0). Results: From 340 participants, 319 cases (93.8%) were male, 256 cases (75.3%) held university degrees, 13 cases (3.8%) had a history of blood transfusion, and 50 cases (14.7%) were anti-hepatitis E positive. The result of serologic test was significantly correlated with the participants' educational status, place of residence, and source of drinking water (P < 0.05). However, the correlation of the test result with the participants' gender, age, employment, and history of blood transfusion was not statistically significant. Conclusions:The prevalence of hepatitis E in the present study was higher than previous studies, denoting the higher prevalence of hepatitis E in the area. Moreover, the prevalence of hepatitis E is lower among blood donors who have higher educational status, live in urban areas, and use piped water.

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“…In Japan, it has been suggested that the transmission route of HEV remains unclear in approximately 60% of infected patients [1]; zoonotic food-borne transmissions account for 30%, imported infection accounts for 8% and blood transfusion is responsible for 2%. In Gunma Prefecture, Japan, approximately 3,000 wild boars are annually slaughtered for meat [unpublished data], and the number of breeding pigs in the prefecture was approximately 6 million in 2005.…”

Section: Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) Which Belongs To the Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax) and Pigs in Gunma Prefecture, Japan

Sakano

Morita

Shiono³

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in wild boars and pigs in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, was serologically and genetically examined. The positive detection rates of anti-HEV IgG and HEV RNA in the wild boars were 4.5% (4/89) and 1.1% (1/ 89), whereas those in the pigs were 74.6% (126/169) and 1.8% (3/169), respectively. The positive rates of anti-HEV IgG and HEV RNA on the 17 pig farms in the present study ranged from 20% to 100%, respectively. One male wild boar approximately 5 years of age was positive for HEV RNA but was negative for anti-HEV IgG. Three pigs from 2 farms were positive for HEV RNA; 2 of these pigs were negative for HEV IgG, and the other was positive. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that all of the HEV ORF1 genes detected in the present study belonged to genotype III. In Gunma Prefecture, HEV is highly prevalent and widespread, and uncooked wild boar and pig meat may have the potential to transmit HEV to humans. KEY WORDS: hepatitis E virus, Japan, swine, wild boar.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 71(1): 21-25, 2009 Hepatitis E virus (HEV), which belongs to the genus Hepevirus, is the causative agent of hepatitis E. Hepatitis E infection has been found in many developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, where the disease is an important public health concern [15]. HEV is primarily transmitted by the fecal-oral route such as in waterborne epidemics.Recent studies have suggested that HEV is divided into 4 genotypes designated as G I, G II, G III, and G IV [17]. The HEV infections in Asia and Africa are mainly caused by G I, and the majority of the GII infection have been reported in Mexico and Nigeria. On the other hand, only a single case of infection with GIII or GIV has been described in the United States, European counties, Argentina, Taiwan and China [17,21,22]. In Japan, most imported cases with G I have derived from epidemic areas such as Asia and Africa [2]; however, G III or G IV has also been detected in acute hepatitis patients who have never traveled to HEV epidemic areas [6,8,13,14,20,21,24,29]. These patients often have a history of consuming uncooked wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) meat and liver [5,27,28]. Also, HEV strains belonging to G I, G III or G IV have been detected in Japanese patients with sporadic acute or fulminate hepatitis E [8, 9, 19-22, 24, 31]. In addition, Yazaki et al. [31] reported that HEV RNA has been detected in 2% (7/363 packages) of sold pig liver on the market by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).In Japan, it has been suggested that the transmission route of HEV remains unclear in approximately 60% of infected patients [1]; zoonotic food-borne transmissions account for 30%, imported infection accounts for 8% and blood transfusion is responsible for 2%. In Gunma Prefecture, Japan, approximately 3,000 wild boars are annually slaughtered for meat [unpublished data], and the number of breeding pigs in the prefecture was approximately 6 million in 2005. According to the Gunma Pre...

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Demographic, epidemiological, and virological characteristics of hepatitis E virus infections in Japan based on 254 human cases collected nationwide

Cited by 60 publications

References 22 publications

Dynamic Epidemiology of Acute Viral Hepatitis in Japan

Dynamic Epidemiology of Acute Viral Hepatitis in Japan

Investigating the Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Among Blood Donors Referring to Blood Donation Centers in Birjand County in Iran

Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax) and Pigs in Gunma Prefecture, Japan

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