Demographic Development of Russia within the Boundaries of Human Capital Theory: Problems and Solutions

Abstract

The article outlines the role of the demographic situation in ensuring the development of the socio-economic system of the country. In the process of empirical research, the dynamics of the list of indicators characterizing the demographic situation in Russia is considered. The calculation of the absolute indicator of the population is presented, which allows to reveal of the numerical losses of human capital. The fact that the reduction of the country’s population was due to the population of rural areas was established. It is also noted that there was a constant increase in the number of population over working age, as well as a decrease in the working-age population. The decrease in the existing volumes of human capital has led to certain economic losses expressed in the form of lost GDP, which the socio-economic system has incurred. In the context of the above trends, the preservation of the existing human capital, which can be assessed on the basis of the dynamics of indicators: life expectancy and the number of marriages and divorces, becomes a priority. The processes of human capital reproduction represent one of the important directions of demographic development in Russia. The authors determined that these processes have a negatively directed tendency to change. This problem is considered from the position of the functioning of the family institution and the dynamics of the divorce process. An analytical study of statistical data allowed us to conclude that the intensity of marriages in Russia during ten years was higher than the intensity of divorces. The calculated value of the coefficient of preservation of family relations indicates an increase in the probability of reproduction of human capital. The authors calculated the numerical value of reserve human capital in the form of the volume of potential labor force, which can provide an additional volume of GDP.