Demographic Determinants of Hepatitis C Virus Seroprevalence Among Blood Donors

Murphy, Edward L.; Bryzman, Stephen; Williams, Alan E.; Co-chien, Harvey; Schreiber, George B.; Ownby, Helen E.; Gilcher, Ronald O.; Kleinman, Steven; Matijas, Lauri; Thomson, Ruth; George, Jacob

doi:10.1097/00132586-199706000-00059

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Europe, including the United Kingdom, France, and GerThe rate of transmission probably depends, in part, on the many. [38][39][40][41] Higher prevalence rates have been found in Southquantity of blood transferred to the recipient by the nee-east Asian countries, such as Thailand, Malaysia, and India. [42][43][44] dlestick, the titer of virus, and the depth of inoculation.…”

Section: General Population and Blood Donorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis C virus: Epidemiology and transmission

Heintges¹

1997

Hepatology

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come apparent because of improved diagnostic techniques Hepatitis C Virus: Epidemiology and physicians' awareness to the possibility of therapeutic intervention. This short review will focus on selected aspects and Transmission of the epidemiology and modes of transmission of HCV. MODES OF TRANSMISSIONTOBIAS HEINTGES AND JACK R. WANDS HCV is generally transmitted by the parenteral route. Well known and common modes of transmission involve transfuHepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA virus with a genomic size of 9.6 kb. More than 50% of individuals exposed to HCV sions and/or parenteral contact with blood products. 1 However, up to 50% of individuals deny exposure to any of these develop chronic infection. Of those individuals chronically infected, approximately 20% to 30% will develop liver cirrho-known risk factors, and infection is often designated as ''community acquired.'' 1 Before the initiation of HCV antibody sis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma when followed for twenty to thirty years. Methods to identify HCV include a screening, approximately 10% to 20% of individuals, who had received multiple blood transfusions or plasma products, highly sensitive third generation immunoassay that detects antibodies to structural and nonstructural proteins in serum. seroconverted to anti-HCV positive. Thus, the relative risk was 0.45% per unit transfused. 2,3 However, the introduction Viremia may be detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology. The role of HCV of routine HCV antibody screening of blood products has led to a sharp decrease in the transmission rate of HCV. For infection in acute and chronic liver disease has recently be FIG. 1. World map illustrating the prevalence of HCV antibodies in blood donors as measured by second or third generation assays. 35,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]57,74,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95] Abbreviations: HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.

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Section: General Population and Blood Donorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…World map illustrating the prevalence of HCV antibodies in blood donors as measured by second or third generation assays. 35,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]57,74,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95] Abbreviations: HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. …”

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confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus: Epidemiology and transmission

Heintges¹

1997

Hepatology

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“…Having been stuck or cut with a bloody object was independently associated with HCV among blood donors. 140 Among blood donors, blood exposure during fighting, by biting, at an accident site, or during a manicure in the last six months was associated with HCV in a univariate analysis with a large effect size, but not during a haircut in the last six months. 130 Contact with blood was not associated with HCV in members of a general population.…”

Section: Receipt Of Blood Transfusionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…118 e. Acupuncture. Low-quality evidence from three studies showed no association between acupuncture and HCV (Appendix D) among blood donors 131,140 or among people in a general population study. 129 f. Dental work.…”

Section: Receipt Of Blood Transfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All eight studies found some association with transfusion and HCV infection. Receiving a blood transfusion was independently associated with HCV in three blood donor studies (data collection occurring during 1991, 1992-1993, and 1994-1996) 128,131,140 and three general population studies (data collection occurring during 1992, 1999-2002, and 2000-2002). 63,123,129 In a study of blood donors, sex with a blood transfusion recipient was also associated with HCV.…”

Section: Receipt Of Blood Transfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PHS Guideline for Reducing Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Transmission through Organ Transplantation

et al. 2013

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Increased All-Cause, Liver, and Cardiac Mortality among Hepatitis C Virus-seropositive Blood Donors

Guiltinan

Kaidarova

Custer

et al. 2008

American Journal of Epidemiology

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118

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Hospital-based studies suggest that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes frequent cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality, but epidemiologic studies have shown less morbidity and mortality. The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of 10,259 recombinant immunoblot assay-confirmed, HCV antibody-positive (HCV+), allogeneic blood donors from 1991 to 2002 and 10,259 HCV antibody-negative (HCV-) donors matched for year of donation, age, gender, and Zone Improvement Plan Code (ZIP Code). Vital status through 2003 was obtained from the US National Death Index, and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated by survival analysis. After a mean follow-up of 7.7 years, there were 601 (2.92%) deaths: 453 HCV+ and 148 HCV- (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.60, 3.76). Excess mortality in the HCV+ group was greatest in liver-related (HR = 45.99, 95% CI: 11.32, 186.74), drug- or alcohol-related (HR = 10.81, 95% CI: 4.68, 24.96), and trauma/suicide (HR = 2.99, 95% CI: 2.05, 4.36) causes. There was also an unexpected increase in cardiovascular mortality among the HCV+ donors (HR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.41, 3.46). HCV infection is associated with a significant, threefold increase in overall mortality among former blood donors, including significantly increased mortality from liver and cardiovascular causes. High rates of mortality from drug/alcohol and trauma/suicide causes are likely due to lifestyle factors and may be at least partially preventable.

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Demographic Determinants of Hepatitis C Virus Seroprevalence Among Blood Donors

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Hepatitis C virus: Epidemiology and transmission

Hepatitis C virus: Epidemiology and transmission

PHS Guideline for Reducing Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Transmission through Organ Transplantation

Increased All-Cause, Liver, and Cardiac Mortality among Hepatitis C Virus-seropositive Blood Donors

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