Demographic Convergence and its Linkage with Health Inequalities in India

Goli, Srinivas

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2993043

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(332 reference statements)

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“…Unlike parametric distribution, the non-parametric distribution uses kernel density functions to estimate the underlying distribution’s unknown scale and locational parameter. The mathematical expression of the model is widely reported elsewhere, see (11,20,21) .…”

Section: Empirical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in child stunting across the world from 1990 to 2015: testing the global convergence hypothesis

Balla

Goli

Vedantam

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: This study has two-fold objectives: First, to test the global convergence hypothesis in the progress of child stunting across 174 countries over the period 1990-2015; Second, to identify factors determining the process of convergence or divergence. Design: The study design comprises macro-level cross-country analyses. Our empirical strategy uses parametric convergence models such as absolute and conditional β-convergence models, while non-parametric convergence models such as Kernel density plots serve as robustness checks. Setting: The study uses a global setting comprising child stunting information from 174 countries. Participants: The participants for this study are 174 countries. The information on child stunting prevalence for most countries is available from the UNICEF-WHO-WB Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Expanded Database (April-2019), while national-level surveys are used for those countries where UNICEF-WHO-WB Database is not available. The data for socioeconomic variables are taken from the World Bank’s data bank (1990-2015). Results: Findings from the absolute β-convergence model estimates show that progress in child stunting has diverged over the entire period (1990-2015). However, the speed of divergence has reduced for the recent period (2010-15). The conditional β-convergence model estimates show that cross-country heterogeneity in GDP per capita, poverty, and health care expenditure are significant factors explaining divergence in child stunting. Conclusions: For replacing current divergence with convergence in child stunting worldwide, the study demonstrates the critical role of economic factors and public spending on health care to reduce child stunting, particularly in countries where progress is slow.

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Section: Empirical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in child stunting across the world from 1990 to 2015: testing the global convergence hypothesis

Balla

Goli

Vedantam

et al. 2021

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Thus, a rapid decline of fertility with a lagging socio-economic development may result in diverging destinies for children and elderly in India than their western counterparts. In a collectivistic society, the welfare of children and elderly majorly falls into the familial domain and therefore, the economic, social, and political repercussions of a rapidly falling fertility rate becomes an area of great importance (Goli, 2014). Evidence suggest that any further decline in fertility from replacement level to “low” and consequently to “lowest-low” would mostly depend on behavioral factors (the postponement of marriage and the first birth and the fertility limiting) and the Indian ethos (sex preference) (Goli, 2013).…”

Section: What We Knowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Demography in India: Emerging Patterns and Its Challenges

2021

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Family has always been an important unit of analysis in an effort to improve and understand human development. Studying the changes in the institution of family and households keeping in view the demographic, social, and economic transitions also becomes imperative. So far, in our knowledge, there are very few studies based in India have investigated the household size and family formation patterns, while a few of them have looked into its possible causes or associations and demographic, economic, and social repercussions. In particular, as per our knowledge, there is no evidence on who is losing and who is gaining among family members due to the unprecedented transition in family forms in India. This paper serves a twofold purpose as first it seeks to explore and enrich the field of family demography in India by studying the existing evidence in the field as well as allied fields to understand how family serves as the nuclei directing individuals and communities toward certain behaviors and choices which consequently translate into larger social, economic and demographic transitions. Second, it also discusses the missing links and scope in the field of family demography in India as compared to the developed societies to provide future research prospects in this area.

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Testing the regional Convergence Hypothesis for the progress in health status in India during 1980–2015

2020

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The key challenges of global health policy are not limited to improving average health status, with a need for greater focus on reducing regional inequalities in health outcomes. This study aimed to assess health inequalities across the major Indian states used data from the Sample Registration System (SRS, 1981–2015), National Family Health Survey (NFHS, 1992–2015) and other Indian government official statistics. Catching-up plots, absolute and conditional β-convergence models, sigma (σ) plots and Kernel Density plots were used to test the Convergence Hypothesis, Dispersion Measure of Mortality (DMM) and the Gini index to measure progress in absolute and relative health inequalities across the major Indian states. The findings from the absolute β-convergence measure showed convergence in life expectancy at birth among the states. The results from the β- and σ-convergences showed convergence replacing divergence post-2000 for child and maternal mortality indicators. Furthermore, the estimates suggested a continued divergence for child underweight, but slow improvements in child full immunization. The trends in inter-state inequality suggest a decline in absolute inequality, but a significant increase or stationary trend in relative health inequality during 1981–2015. The application of different convergence metrics worked as robustness checks in the assessment of the convergence process in the selected health indicators for India over the study period.

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Demographic Convergence and its Linkage with Health Inequalities in India

Cited by 4 publications

References 119 publications

Progress in child stunting across the world from 1990 to 2015: testing the global convergence hypothesis

Progress in child stunting across the world from 1990 to 2015: testing the global convergence hypothesis

Family Demography in India: Emerging Patterns and Its Challenges

Testing the regional Convergence Hypothesis for the progress in health status in India during 1980–2015

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