Demographic Changes, Economic Changes and Livelihood Changes in the HKH Region

Poudel, Shobha; Shaw, Rajib

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55242-0_6

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Population growth, settlement expansion, infrastructural development, and farmland extension are the primary causes of deforestation [9][10][11][12][13]. Researchers around the world have also emphasized the effects of deforestation [14][15][16][17][18]. Weak policies, poverty, administrative disputes, and ambiguity over forest ownership and mining rights have been identified as significant causes of forest loss [14][15][16][17][18] Similarly, in mountainous regions, the use and conservation of natural resources are inextricably linked to population growth and the resulting risk of environmental deterioration [7,[19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers around the world have also emphasized the effects of deforestation [14][15][16][17][18]. Weak policies, poverty, administrative disputes, and ambiguity over forest ownership and mining rights have been identified as significant causes of forest loss [14][15][16][17][18] Similarly, in mountainous regions, the use and conservation of natural resources are inextricably linked to population growth and the resulting risk of environmental deterioration [7,[19][20][21][22][23][24]. In addition to the household dynamics mentioned above, the growth of human settlements and rises in livestock populations are the most dangerous drivers of forest cover change and habitat fragmentation [22,[25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Risk Assessment in the Hindu Kush Himalayan Mountains of Northern Pakistan: Palas Valley, Kohistan

et al. 2022

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Forest cover in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) mountains of northern Pakistan has changed dramatically due to community dynamics such as population growth, household dynamics, and intensive economic activity for people’s livelihoods. Demographic development is one of the major factors influencing forest cover change in a previously sparsely populated environment. An abrupt upsurge in population exerts adverse effects on the local natural resources, specifically forests. The present research shows an increase in population from 1980 to 2017, the development of human settlements, and a long-term decline in forest cover. This study was conducted in the Palas valley in the HKH mountains using GIS and remote sensing (RS) technology. Analysis of the changes between 1980, 2000, and 2017 was done using ArcGIS and the maximum likelihood algorithm for supervised classification of Landsat MSS TM ETM+ and Sentinel 2A satellite images. We used Euclidean distances and buffer analysis techniques to identify that most changes occurred within 1 to 3 km of the settlement’s proximity in each period. We also found changes in forest cover to be much greater near settlements than elsewhere in the study area. According to the findings of the study, population explosion and other socio-economic factors have imposed excessive pressure on vegetation cover, resulting in the loss of 17,076 ha of forests in the remote Palas valley.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk Assessment in the Hindu Kush Himalayan Mountains of Northern Pakistan: Palas Valley, Kohistan

et al. 2022

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“…Climate change is likely to worsen the situation not only in Nepal but also in many parts of the world where a high level of food insecurity is already prevailing (Poudel and Shaw 2015 ). In the case of Nepal, Terai region, which is the food bowl of Nepal, supplies the food all over the country.…”

Section: Future Land Management Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the mountainous and The mountain ecosystem of Nepal provides several important ecosystem goods and services such as habitat diversity and protection, water resources, food and fi ber production, etc. These agents have made the mountain people more vulnerable to economic and environmental aspects and threaten the livelihoods of rural households (Poudel and Shaw 2015 ). Additionally, the mountain environment is fragile to change, such as land use dynamics which can have a large impact with the small changes in climatic and environmental factors in this region (Houet et al 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Use Management in Disaster Risk Reduction

Banba¹,

Shaw²

2017

Disaster Risk Reduction

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Disaster risk reduction is a process, which leads to the safety of community and nations. After the 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in Kobe, Japan, the Hyogo Framework for Action [HFA] was adopted as a framework of risk reduction. The academic research and higher education in disaster risk reduction has made/is making a gradual shift from pure basic research to applied, implementation-oriented research. More emphasis is given on the multi-stakeholder collaboration and multidisciplinary research. Emerging university networks in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas have urged for the process-oriented research in disaster risk reduction fi eld. Keeping this in mind, this new series will promote the outputs of action research on disaster risk reduction, which will be useful for a wider range of stakeholders including academicians, professionals, practitioners and students and researchers in the related fi eld. The series will focus on some of the emerging needs in the risk reduction fi eld, starting from climate change adaptation, urban ecosystem, coastal risk reduction, education for sustainable development, community-based practices, risk communication, human security, etc. Through academic review, this series will encourage young researchers and practitioners to analyse fi eld practices and link it to theory and policies with logic, data and evidences. Thus, the series emphasizes evidence-based risk reduction methods, approaches and practices.

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“…The Himalayan mountain region is the source of Asia's 10 largest rivers and supports the livelihood of around 1800 million people downstream through water provision [4]. In the Himalayan mountain region, unprecedented climate change [5,6], socio-economic change [7][8][9], high population density, poverty [10], and environmental degradation [11,12] severely threaten the lives and livelihoods of Himalayan communities. Various methods and frameworks have been used to describe and assess the vulnerability of socio-ecological systems across the Himalayas to illustrate and quantify increasing vulnerability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Multi-Dimensional Vulnerabilities in the Himalayas

Sultan

Zhan

Rashid

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The Himalayan region is a fragile high mountain landscape where the population experiences acute vulnerability within a complex coupled human–natural system due to environmental, social, and economic linkages. The lack of significant regional and spatial knowledge of multi-faceted vulnerabilities hinders any potential recommendations to address these vulnerabilities. We systematically reviewed the literature to recommend mitigation interventions based on the region’s socio-economic and ecological vulnerability research to date. We applied the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) criteria to search for results from four comprehensive databases. For our assessment, we compiled a final sample (n = 59) of vulnerability research papers to examine the vulnerability types, spatial variation, assessment methodology, and significant drivers of change. Our study represented all Himalayan countries, namely, India, Nepal, Pakistan, China, and Bhutan. More than half of the vulnerability studies were conducted in the central Himalayan region, a quarter in the western Himalayas, and a few in the eastern Himalayas. Our review revealed that the primary drivers of change were climate change, land use/land cover, and glacial lake formation. The vulnerability assessments in the Himalayan region primarily used social science methods as compared to natural science methods. While the vulnerability studies seldom assessed mitigation interventions, our analysis identified fourteen recommendations. The recommended interventions mainly included policy interventions, livelihood improvement, and adaptation measures. This study emphasized that sustainable development requires cross-sectoral interventions to manage existing resources and mitigate the confronting vulnerabilities of the region.

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Demographic Changes, Economic Changes and Livelihood Changes in the HKH Region

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Environmental Risk Assessment in the Hindu Kush Himalayan Mountains of Northern Pakistan: Palas Valley, Kohistan

Environmental Risk Assessment in the Hindu Kush Himalayan Mountains of Northern Pakistan: Palas Valley, Kohistan

Land Use Management in Disaster Risk Reduction

Systematic Review of Multi-Dimensional Vulnerabilities in the Himalayas

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