Demographic and Risk Factor Profile in Patients of Gallstone Disease in Central India

Abstract

BackgroundGallbladder stones are more common in some regions of the world than others. Gallstones that are asymptomatic might be discovered as an afterthought during a regular ultrasound scan for another abdominal ailment. The changing incidence in India is mostly due to westernization and the availability of ultrasonography in both urban and rural areas, as well as increased affordability owing to changes in the socio-economic structure and the budget of investigations. This study aims to know the prevalence of gallstone disease as well as the risk factors that contribute to its development in central India. MethodA single-center, cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Seventy-two radiologically diagnosed cases of gallstone disease irrespective of age, gender, and comorbid condition were included in the study. ResultSeventy-two cases of gallstone were included in the research. The highest age-specific incidence of gallstone was in the fifth and sixth decades with the maximum incidence in the sixth decade. Females had a higher incidence of gallstone formation. The pain was the earliest symptom but we found that 41.67% patients had asymptomatic gallstones. A family history of gallstone disease is found positive in 69.44% of the patients who also had an increased risk of gallstone. 22.22% patient were only diabetic, 6.95% were only hypertensive and 20.83% were both diabetic + hypertensive. Comorbidity has a high prevalence of gallstone disease. Obesity has a significant link to gallstone disease, with BMI being one of the most important indicators of obesity. ConclusionThe prevalence of asymptomatic gallstones is relatively high in central India. We strongly recommend ultrasonography as a screening modality in patients with older age group, female gender, high cholesterol level, family history of gallstones, sickle cell disease, increased BMI and co-morbidities like diabetes or hypertension for early detection of gallstones formation.

Cholecystectomy among Patients Admitted to the Department of Surgery in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

“… 3 , 4 Our study showed that 5.73% of patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis presented with comorbidities among which 43.75% of patients had hypertension but a study done in India had the highest prevalence in patients with hypertension and diabetes. 10 …”

A retrospective single centre study on histopathological analysis of cholecystectomy specimens in a tertiary care centre in India

“…6 Gall stones are thought to be more likely to form in women because estrogen triggers the release of biliary cholesterol, which makes bile more hypersaturated with cholesterol and increases the risk of cholelithiasis. 3,10 The patients ranged in age from 3 to 89 years old. Gall bladder lesions were more frequently found in patients who were between the ages of 31 and 40 (4th decade) (Table 2).…”

“…The prevalence of gallstones in the Western world is 10%, whereas in India it is 4%, with the highest prevalence in Central India. 3 parenteral nutrition, as well as associated diseases like cirrhosis and Crohn's disease. 4 Cholecystectomy, either open or laparoscopic, is the mainstay treatment for symptomatic gall stones.…”

An Indian surgeon's perspective on management of asymptomatic gallstones

“…The prevalence of cholelithiasis, also known as gallstone disease, is 4% in India and ranges from 10%-20% worldwide. 1 Gallstone formation is influenced by numerous factors, which include increasing age of the patient, female gender, obesity, and higher levels of estrogen in the body. In addition, genetics as well as intestinal microbiota are considered to play a role in gallstone formation.…”