Demographic and behavioral risk factors for oral cancer among Florida residents

Abstract

A BSTRACT Objectives: Almost 29,000 new cases and approximately 7,500 deaths are directly attributable to oral cancer in the United States. Understanding the impact of specific behavioral and demographic characteristics on oral cancer is crucial to being able to promote early diagnoses through oral cancer screening. This study hypothesized that selected factors would be predictive of the incidence of oral cancer in Florida’s population. Materials and Methods: Approximately 74,000 cases from the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS) were included in the study. Demographic and risk factors evaluated included sex, age, marital status, ethnicity, race, primary insurance payer, birthplace, cigarette use, smokeless tobacco use, cancer behavior, and other tobacco use. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of 11 risk factors and oral cancer in Florida. Results: Males, Blacks, Hispanics, married individuals, and current smokers were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with oral cancer compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: Florida’s health providers need to be aware of the risk factors for oral cancer, look for early signs of oral cancer and recommend routine screenings in patients with history of known risk factors. Including additional reported elements such as human papillomavirus (HPV) history, sunlight exposure, vaping and use of e-cigarettes, and alcohol consumption (by amount) in the cancer registry would be greatly beneficial.

From Pixels to Diagnosis: Algorithmic Analysis of Clinical Oral Photos for Early Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…We also seek to use bigger cohorts from additional sites to increase our training data and have better generalizations to move toward the large-scale validation of our models. Multimodal approaches and bigger cohorts have proven to improve results and their generalization in cancer studies [ 30 , 31 ]. When such data are assembled, the new generation of deep neural networks that are known to benefit from large datasets, such as vision transformers (ViT) [ 32 ], can be successfully applied.…”

Community socioeconomic status and rural/racial disparities in HPV−/+ head and neck cancer

“…Adverse oral cancer outcomes are not evenly distributed. Specifically, non-Hispanic Black men and men residing in rural regions have been identified as facing elevated risk of oral cancer mortality [7] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] . Evidence has also highlighted disparities across ethnic groups both internationally and in the United States [23] .…”

Histopathological Outcome of Oral Lesions in Pakistani Population with Special Emphasis on Oral Cancer

“…1 There were 53,000 newly diagnosed cases and 10,860 deaths owing to oral and pharyngeal cancer in the United States of America, recorded by the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program in 2019. 2 Most malignant lesions are diagnosed at a later stage with complications and/or metastasis, leading to a poor prognosis. The five-year survival rate, when diagnosed at an earlier stage (stage I and II), is 84%, which drops down to 45% and 32% when diagnosed at a later stage (stage III and IV, respectively), which is the most common stage at which oral and pharyngeal cancer is diagnosed.…”

“…The five-year survival rate, when diagnosed at an earlier stage (stage I and II), is 84%, which drops down to 45% and 32% when diagnosed at a later stage (stage III and IV, respectively), which is the most common stage at which oral and pharyngeal cancer is diagnosed. 2,3 Mitigation of cancerous lesions of the oral cavity depends largely on the identification of various prema-lignant conditions that can proceed to squamous cell carcinoma. Decreasing the risk involves prompt diagnoses and management of potentially malignant disorders, which is how oral cancer can be prevented.…”