Demodulation Pixel Based on Static Drift Fields

Büttgen, Bernhard; Lustenberger, Felix; Seitz, Peter

doi:10.1109/ted.2006.883669

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Finally, the generation of a fringing electric fieldconventionally used in buried-channel charge-coupled devices as well as the previously reported ToF pixel [7], [10], [11]-promotes electron drift. A 3-D technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulation of electric potential, with a p − layer of 1.0 × 10 12 arbitrary unit (a.u.)…”

Section: Concentric Photogate Pixel Architecturementioning

confidence: 85%

“…The most efficacious method to improve the DC is to enhance the charge transfer efficiency from the photon detecting section to the floating diffusion (FD) [7], [10]. In this paper, we propose a concentric photogate (CG) pixel for the reduction of effective carrier transit length, which induces a lateral electric field during photo-electron transport, while a relatively large pixel pitch of 28 μm is used to obtain acceptable SNR performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Time-of-Flight 3-D Image Sensor With Concentric-Photogates Demodulation Pixels

Lee

Min

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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Section: Concentric Photogate Pixel Architecturementioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Time-of-Flight 3-D Image Sensor With Concentric-Photogates Demodulation Pixels

Lee

Min

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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“…If is a spatial coordinate, then rather denotes a spatial particle density with units m , assuming that we have already carried out a temporal integration of the particle signal during a certain exposure time. The harmonic flux function with the fixed frequency is expressed in terms of the parameters and as (15) For non-negative values of the flux function , we must require that . Since the constituents of this flux function are individual particles arriving independently of each other at arbitrary times, the functional relationship in (15) is an extreme idealization, and cannot be known directly at any given time.…”

Section: Quantum-noise Limitation Of Phase Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The harmonic flux function with the fixed frequency is expressed in terms of the parameters and as (15) For non-negative values of the flux function , we must require that . Since the constituents of this flux function are individual particles arriving independently of each other at arbitrary times, the functional relationship in (15) is an extreme idealization, and cannot be known directly at any given time. It is rather necessary to integrate during a certain integration interval to obtain an estimate for the sample values at position (16) as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Quantum-noise Limitation Of Phase Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum-Noise Limited Distance Resolution of Optical Range Imaging Techniques

Seitz

2008

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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The most common optical distance imaging methods (triangulation, interferometry and time-of-flight ranging) can all be described in a unified way as linear shift-invariant systems in which the determination of distance corresponds to the measurement of a spatial or temporal phase. Since the ultimate precision of such a phase measurement is limited by quantum noise of the involved photons or photocharges, the eventual distance resolution of the three optical ranging methods depends in the same way on quantum noise. Evidence from literature supports our basic assertion that photon and photocharge numbers have a Poisson distribution under most experimental conditions. This allows us to derive our main result that the quantum-noise limited distance resolution of the three optical ranging methods is proportional to the inverse of the signal's modulation amplitude times the square root of the background level. The equation for the precision of the three optical distance measurement techniques contains the method's experimental parameters in a single factor, from which the optimum distance range of the three techniques can easily be deduced: 1 nm-1 m for interferometry, 1 m-10 m for triangulation, 0 1 m for time-of-flight ranging, if visible or near infrared light is used.Index Terms-Interferometry, triangulation, optical range imaging, quantum-noise limit, time-of-flight ranging.

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“…Pixel sizes in the order of a few tens of micrometer are therefore very common in commercial products, and allow for an efficient light collection [2,3]. Moreover, a large full well capacitance is needed to reduce the impact of shot noise on distance measurement precision [4], and additional functions, such as ambient light suppression, can be integrated at the pixel level [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IR-optimized silicon demodulating detector with 3-dimensional electrodes

Pancheri

Savazzi

Betta

et al. 2014

2014 44th European Solid State Device Research Conference (ESSDERC)

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A novel electro-optical demodulating detector with 3-dimensional electrodes is presented in this paper. Thanks to a large substrate thickness, this device can combine high responsivity and demodulation contrast in the infrared spectral region, as needed in Time-of-Flight optical ranging applications. Proof-of-concept large-area detectors are fabricated on Floating Zone silicon, using Deep Reactive Ion Etching to form throughsilicon columnar electrodes. The device operation principle is validated by experimental and simulation results. TCAD modeling is used to design detectors with scaled geometry suitable for integration in hybrid image sensors.

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Demodulation Pixel Based on Static Drift Fields

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

A Time-of-Flight 3-D Image Sensor With Concentric-Photogates Demodulation Pixels

A Time-of-Flight 3-D Image Sensor With Concentric-Photogates Demodulation Pixels

Quantum-Noise Limited Distance Resolution of Optical Range Imaging Techniques

IR-optimized silicon demodulating detector with 3-dimensional electrodes

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