Democratic Perception and Attitudes of the Pre-Service Music Teachers in Turkey

Abstract

<span lang="EN-US">Democracy, a lifestyle as much as it is a form of government, begins to be learned in the family. The youth observe and acquire the democratic attitudes of their parents. The task of passing it on to the new generations and helping them acquire democratic values is the mission of schools, namely teachers. It is a commonly known fact that developmental level of countries shows parallelism with the democratic attitudes of individuals. It is important to understand the democratic perceptions and attitudes of teachers who are responsible for positioning democratic structure and thus raising the democratic level of countries. For this reason, the research aims to examine the democratic perceptions and attitudes of music teacher candidates in terms of some variables. Data collected using the democratic attitude scale were analyzed using t-test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results showed that attitude scores did not change according to gender, level of parents’ education or the year students were in. Scale scores were negatively correlated with the amount of parents’ income. There was no correlation between the students’ GPAs and the scale scores. Music teaching requires a democratic environment intrinsically; therefore, the democratic perceptions and attitudes of the music teacher candidates who will carry out the music lessons in which they should maintain the democratic environment must be determined. As aforementioned notions suggest, this study is of the essence since the results will shed light on the academic staff in the institutions that train music teachers.</span>

Investigation of Pre-Service Teachers’ Tolerance Tendencies and Democratic Tendencies

“…In the study conducted by Çermik (2013), the male pre-service teachers' democratic values were found to be higher than those of the female pre-service teachers. In their study, Bektaş and Kılıç (2011), Chandrakar and Kumar (2016), Eğilmez et al (2018), Güven et al (2014), Saracaloğlu et al (2013), Taş (2018), and Toptaş and Elkatmış (2015) found that pre-service teachers' democratic attitudes do not vary significantly depending on gender. Similarly, Aladağ and Çiftçi (2017), Akar et al (2017), Oğuz (2011), Yazıcı (2011), and Zehir Topkaya and Yavuz (2011) concluded that pre-service teachers' democratic values do not vary significantly depending on gender.…”

“…The pre-service teachers' democratic tendencies were found to be not varying significantly depending on father's education level. In the studies conducted by Aydemir and Aksoy (2010); Eğilmez et al (2018); Güven et al (2014); Gömleksiz and Çetintaş (2011);Toptaş and Elkatmış (2015), the pre-service teachers' democratic attitudes were found to be not varying significantly depending on father's education level. These studies support the current study.…”

“…When the literature is reviewed, it is seen that there are several studies investigating pre-service teachers' tolerance tendencies (Cingi & Çağlar, 2020;Gündüz, 2019;Uca, 2015;Yılmaz & Güven, 2019). There are also some studies investigating pre-service teachers' democratic tendencies (Kozikoğlu, 2017;Taneri & Özbek, 2019;Yılmaz, 2011), democratic values (Akar, İnel, & Yalçıntaş, 2017;Aladağ & Çiftçi, 2017;Çermik, 2013;Köse, Azrak, & Bayır, 2020;Oğuz, 2011;Yazıcı, 2011;Yılmaz, 2011;Zehir Topkaya & Yavuz, 2011), democratic attitudes (Aydemir & Aksoy, 2010;Bektaş & Kılıç, 2011;Eğilmez, Eğilmez, & Engür, 2018;Güven, Kaya, & Aslan, 2014;Gömleksiz & Çetintaş, 2011;Saracaloğlu, Uça, & Baydilek, 2013;Taş, 2018;Toptaş & Elkatmış, 2015;Yiğit & Çolak, 2010). However, there is no study investigating both tolerance tendencies and democratic tendencies of pre-service teachers.…”

Borçlanmaya Dayali Ki̇tle Fonlamasinin Fi̇nansman Hukuku Ve Mali̇ Hukuk Açisindan Değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇

“…Devletin bir yıldan uzun ve kısa vadeli iç borçlanma araçlarına Devlet İç Borçlanma Senetleri (DİBS) adı verilmektedir 102 . Hazine'nin bir yıl ve daha uzun vade ile borçlanma senedi olan devlet tahvilleri 103 esas olarak Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı tarafından belirlenen piyasa yapıcı 104 bankalar 105 arasında bir işlem türüdür. Piyasa yapıcı bankalar, devletin gelir elde etmek için ihaleye çıkardığı iç borçlanma senetlerini alarak devlete doğrudan borç vermekte ve birincil piyasayı oluşturmaktadır 106 .…”

1980 Sonrası Türkiye’de Kamu Maliyesindeki Yapısal Dönüşümler: Bütçe Gerçekleşmeleri Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme

“…Enflasyonla mücadele ve döviz kuru politikasını sağlamlaştırmak için ise gelirler politikası uygulanarak ücret ve fiyat artışlarının enflasyon hedefiyle tutarlı olmasının sağlanması, bu hedefi desteklemek üzere enflasyon hızına göre belirlenen döviz kuru çıpası uygulamasına geçilmesi amaçlanmıştır (Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı, 1999). Böylece öngörülen programla mali disipline dayalı sıkı maliye politikası ve yalnızca döviz girişleri karşılığında piyasaya Türk lirası enjekte edebilecek daha pasif bir para politikası uygulanması hedeflenmiştir (Eğilmez, 2001).…”