Dementia risk among Mongolian population with type 2 diabetes: a matched case-control study

Abstract

People with diabetes have a higher risk of cognitive impairment than people without diabetes, and recently it is being considered a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Because of drastic lifestyle changes in the Mongolian population, diabetes prevalence is increasing rapidly. The rapid increase of diabetes prevalence and its poor control in Mongolia suggest that there might be significant cognitive impairment in the diabetes population. In this case-control study, we compared the Mini-Mental State Examination score to the risk of cognitive impairment, indicating vascular dementia in people with and without diabetes. Upon obtaining their informed consent, each subject was tested with Mini-Mental State Examination. We involved age and gender-matched diabetic (n = 131) and non-diabetic (n = 131) subjects. The mean age was 61.3 ± 8.5 and 61.0 ± 8.7 in people with and without diabetes, respectively, and 35.9% of the participants were male. According to study groups, the Mini-Mental State Examination scores were significantly different: 26.1 ± 3.7 and 27.5 ± 2.6 for people with and without diabetes, respectively. In logistic regression analysis, age was significantly associated with Mini-Mental State Examination score (Beta coefficient = 1.22; 1.11-1.35, P < 0.001) in people without diabetes after adjustments for potential confounders. However, age was not significantly associated with MMSE scores in people with diabetes mellitus. Thus, diabetes duration and poor control may contribute to developing cognitive impairment in people with diabetes. In conclusion, there might be a high prevalence of vascular dementia in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, since Mini-Mental State Examination is sensitive to dementia and not specific to vascular dementia, further studies involving neuroimaging and neurological examination are needed to fully elucidate the link between type 2 diabetes and vascular dementia in dementia in a Mongolian population.

Abstracts

“…Conclusions: Cognitive impairment was recognised less frequently than expected in older adults attending the diabetes clinic. Compared with the expected prevalence (between 29% and 74% [1][2][3][4]), this suggests a large pool of adults with unrecognised cognitive impairment. This presents a rich opportunity for quality improvement, and supports the case for routine screening for cognitive impairment amongst older adults attending the diabetes clinic.…”

“…Vivian Ka-Yan Kwok 1 ; Emily Gordon 1,2 ; Ruth Eleanor Hubbard 1,2 ; Harshithaa Thavarajah 3 ; Natasha Reid 2 1 Department of Geriatric Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 2 Centre for Health Services Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 3 Department of Geriatric Medicine, Toowoomba Hospital, Toowoomba City, Queensland, Australia Aims: Preoperative frailty is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes. In 2017, McIsaac and colleagues' systematic review found few interventions were tested to improve outcomes in this population and evidence was low-quality [1].…”

“…Tessa O'Halloran 1,2 ; Rosie Watson 1,3,4 ; Mervyn Kyi Both an automated and manual search was undertaken to identify any record of cognitive impairment. Extracted data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics.…”

“…Younan 1 ; Linda Uslu 2 ; Chinmay Patel 1 ; Kanti Dahal 3 ; Hayley Kirkham 4 ; Karen Byth3,5 ; Lina Lee1 1 Blacktown & Mt Druitt Hospitals, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; 2 Integrated & Community Health, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; the DAS and CODE scores improved significantly posttraining, with mean change 7.2, 95% CI (5.9-8.4) and 6.0, 95% CI (5.2-6.8) respectively. The observed change for both DAS and CODE depended significantly (p < 0.05) on age, sex, workplace and having experience with dementia at work.…”

Relationship of tooth loss to mild cognitive impairment among middle-aged Mongolians: Mon-Timeline study

“…Cognitive impairment is caused by multiple factors, including ageing, vascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease and other forms of dementia (Biessels et al, 2006;Sharp et al, 2011). Furthermore, many other risk factors for the development of cognitive impairment are reported in the literature (Beydoun et al, 2008;Fang et al, 2018;Munkhsukh et al, 2021;Namjil et al, 2021;Tonsekar et al, 2017). It is crucial to identify potential risk factors, especially for multiple countries and territories, to improve the prevention of dementia.…”