Dementia in Left Brain Damage

Sánchez, Manuel Antonio Rubio; Grober, Ellen; Birkett, D. Peter

doi:10.1300/j018v17n04_03

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A range of ‘purer’ measures of spatial memory have been developed, many with normative data available, such as the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test—Revised ( Benedict et al, 1996 ); the Brown Location Test ( Brown et al, 2007 ); the Location Learning Test ( Bucks and Willison, 1997 ; Bucks et al, 2000 ); the modified Location Learning Test ( Kessels et al, 2004 , 2006 ); the Spatial Array Memory Test ( Meador et al, 1990 ); the Spatial Location Test ( Sanchez et al, 1997 ); the Visual Spatial Learning Test ( Malec et al, 1992 ); and the 7/24 Spatial Recall Test ( Gontkovsky et al, 2004 ; see also references cited in discussion of spatial memory and hemispheric lateralisation below). Such measures however are best suited to addressing the question of differences relative to typical performance in the normal population rather than the assessment of elementary levels of mnestic function, the principal question of interest in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatial Learning Task of Lhermitte and Signoret (1972): Normative Data in Adults Aged 18–45

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveThe Spatial Learning Task of Lhermitte and Signoret is an object-location arbitrary associative learning task. The task was originally developed to evaluate adults with severe amnesia. It is currently used in populations where the memory system either is not yet fully developed or where it has been compromised (e.g. epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, electroconvulsive therapy, cerebrovascular disease and dementia). Normative data have been published for paediatric cohorts and for older adults, however no data exist for the intervening adult years.MethodHere, we address this gap, collecting normative data from 101 adults aged 18–45.ResultsOur data indicate that performance on the Spatial Learning Task is not influenced by age, gender, level of education or overall IQ. Less than 10% of the variance in learning scores is associated with variability in verbal memory. Ninety percent of participants achieved perfect scores on two successive trials (T2Cr) within five or fewer trials on the Spatial Learning Task. A T2Cr score of 6 is suggestive of impairment and a T2Cr score of 7 or more is statistically abnormal.ConclusionThese data expand the clinical utility of the Spatial Learning Task in the adult population. Future work should examine performance in lower IQ cohorts, including intellectual disability, and explore sensitivity to disease factors such as laterality of mesial temporal lobe damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spatial Learning Task of Lhermitte and Signoret (1972): Normative Data in Adults Aged 18–45

et al. 2022

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“…A number of visual memory tests have been developed by researchers [see for example: Kimura’s Recurring Figures Test (RFT), Kimura, 1963 ; Continuous Recognition Memory Test (CRMT), Hannay et al, 1979 ; Computerized Visual Recognition Test, Flicker et al, 1987 ; Biber Figure Learning Test, Glosser et al, 1989 ; Spatial Array Memory Test ( Meador et al, 1990 ), 7/24 Spatial Recall Test ( Rao et al, 1984 ; Gontkovsky et al, 2004 ), (Spatial Location Test, Sanchez et al, 1997 ); The modified Location Learning Test, Kessels et al, 2006 ; Indiana Faces in Places Test, Beglinger et al, 2009 ; VisMET, Haque et al, 2019 ; Visual Association Memory Test, Huang et al, 2019 ; Visual Memory Test based on Snodgrass Pictures (VMT-SP), Muñoz-Machicao et al, 2019 ; The Continuous Visual Memory Test-Update and Extension, Henry, 2021 ; Evaluation of Novel Cognitive Assessment System for Testing Visual Memory of the Elderly, Lin et al, 2021 ; Short Digital Spatial Memory Test, Poos et al, 2021 ] but these tests are not readily available to clinicians, and they have not been generally been validated in clinical samples. Others have developed test instruments to address specific research questions, typically within the context of temporal-lobe epilepsy.…”

Section: Overcoming Existing Challenges: Novel Research Test Developm...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of neuropsychological assessment of visual/visuo-spatial memory: A critical, historical review, and lessons for the present and future

et al. 2022

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A proliferation of tests exists for the assessment of auditory-verbal memory processes. However, from a clinical practice perspective, the situation is less clear when it comes to the ready availability of reliable and valid tests for the evaluation of visual/visuo-spatial memory processes. While, at face value, there appear to be a wide range of available tests of visual/visuo-spatial memory, utilizing different types of materials and assessment strategies, a number of criticisms have been, and arguably should be, leveled at the majority of these tests. The criticisms that have been directed toward what are typically considered to be visual/visuo-spatial memory tests, such as (1) the potential for verbal mediation, (2) over-abstraction of stimuli, (3) the requirement of a drawing response, and (4) the lack of sensitivity to unilateral brain lesions, mean that, in reality, the number of readily available valid tests of visual/visuo-spatial memory is, at best, limited. This article offers a critical, historical review on the existing measures and resources for the neuropsychological assessment of visual/visuo-spatial memory, and it showcases some examples of newer tests that have aimed to overcome the challenges of assessing these important aspects of memory. The article also identifies new trends and examples of how technological advances such as virtual reality may add value to overcome previous obstacles to assessment, thereby offering professionals more reliable, accurate means to evaluate visual/visuo-spatial memory in clinical practice.

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The modified Location Learning Test: Norms for the assessment of spatial memory function in neuropsychological patients

Kessels

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Brands

et al. 2006

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

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This study examines the applicability of the modified Location Learning Test (mLLT) as a test of spatial memory in neuropsychological patients. Three groups of participants were examined: stroke patients, patients with diabetes mellitus and healthy participants (N=411). Three error measures were computed, the Total Score (index of overall performance), the Learning Index (the learning curve over subsequent trials) and the Delayed Recall Score, measuring decay over time. The Learning Index was the most sensitive measure, showing differences between the three groups as well as lateralization effects within the stroke group. Also, the mLLT correlated significantly with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, as well as with age and education level. Regression-based normative data were computed based on the healthy participants. In all, the mLLT appears to be a sensitive and valid test for the detection of object-location memory impairments in clinical groups.

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Dementia in Left Brain Damage

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

The Spatial Learning Task of Lhermitte and Signoret (1972): Normative Data in Adults Aged 18–45

The Spatial Learning Task of Lhermitte and Signoret (1972): Normative Data in Adults Aged 18–45

The challenge of neuropsychological assessment of visual/visuo-spatial memory: A critical, historical review, and lessons for the present and future

The modified Location Learning Test: Norms for the assessment of spatial memory function in neuropsychological patients

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