Dementia and the Gap in Nutrition: A Review

Abstract

Dementia is a disease that is common among elderly all over the world and has shown increase trend based on the WHO estimate. Nutritional status of patients with dementia is greatly affected because dementia patients in the late stage have problem with feeding, swallowing, and there is always increase risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition in dementia patient result in compromised immune system, impaired wound-healing, increased risk of hospitalisation and increase rate of death. Feeding difficulties and malnutrition is one of the complications associated with advanced dementia in elderly and it needs urgent attention so as to prevent other problems such as dehydration and infection. Nurses are responsible for bridging the gap in nutrition both in hospital settings and in home care so, adequate understanding and intervention of the problem is required. Nurses should design a way of helping these patients to feed well and also train other health assistants to do so. The objective of the paper is to review different ways of helping dementia patients to bridge the gap in nutrition and how malnutrition can be detected early in dementia patients.

A Dedicated Nutritional Care Program (NUTRICARE) to reduce malnutrition in institutionalised dysphagic older people: A quasi‐experimental study

“…Malnutrition and the difficulties associated with the ability to swallow often constitute one of the complications of cognitive impairment, and therefore a nursing intervention to manage patient nutrition becomes essential (Amujo & Akpor, 2015). Early diagnosis, continued monitoring and an effective treatment of the variables that impact on the patient's ability to eat can reduce or even eliminate the risk of malnutrition (Roqu e, Salv a, & Vellas, 2013) In addition, there is evidence that pureed diets are considered a risk factor for malnutrition in older persons with dysphagia (De Luis et al, 2009;Massoulard et al, 2011).…”

Virtual Reality-Based Immersive Rehabilitation for Cognitive- and Behavioral-Impairment-Related Eating Disorders: A VREHAB Framework Scoping Review

“…For example, dementia patients suffer from memory loss, confusion, and ineffective motor coordination. They may fail to eat or self-feed, recognize food, or use tableware [21,22]. Abnormal cognitive behavior, such as cognitive rigidity and obsessiveness, may lead to prototypical compulsive behaviors involving calorie counting, hyperactivity, body checking, and ritualistic eating behavior [23].…”