Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease in Community-Dwelling Elders Taking Vitamin C and/or Vitamin E

Fillenbaum, Gerda G.; Kuchibhatla, Maragatha; Hanlon, Joseph T.; Artz, Margaret B.; Pieper, Carl F.; Schmader, Kenneth E.; Dysken, Maurice W.; Gray, Shelly L.

doi:10.1345/aph.1g280

Cited by 93 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These findings of a protective effect of supplemental antioxidant use against cognitive impairment and decline was replicated in a large cohort study [185]. However, there were only borderline or little evidence of a cognitive benefit from use of antioxidant supplements, particularly vitamins C and E, according to at least five independent cohort studies [177,180,187,192,199]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2014

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BackgroundCognitive impairment, including dementia, is a major health concern with the increasing aging population. Preventive measures to delay cognitive decline are of utmost importance. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia, increasing in prevalence from <1% below the age of 60 years to >40% above 85 years of age.MethodsWe systematically reviewed selected modifiable factors such as education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, caffeine, antioxidants, homocysteine (Hcy), n-3 fatty acids that were studied in relation to various cognitive health outcomes, including incident AD. We searched MEDLINE for published literature (January 1990 through October 2012), including cross-sectional and cohort studies (sample sizes > 300). Analyses compared study finding consistency across factors, study designs and study-level characteristics. Selecting studies of incident AD, our meta-analysis estimated pooled risk ratios (RR), population attributable risk percent (PAR%) and assessed publication bias.ResultsIn total, 247 studies were retrieved for systematic review. Consistency analysis for each risk factor suggested positive findings ranging from ~38.9% for caffeine to ~89% for physical activity. Education also had a significantly higher propensity for “a positive finding” compared to caffeine, smoking and antioxidant-related studies. Meta-analysis of 31 studies with incident AD yielded pooled RR for low education (RR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.30-3.04), high Hcy (RR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.50-2.49), and current/ever smoking status (RR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.23-1.52) while indicating protective effects of higher physical activity and n-3 fatty acids. Estimated PAR% were particularly high for physical activity (PAR% = 31.9; 95% CI: 22.7-41.2) and smoking (PAR%=31.09%; 95% CI: 17.9-44.3). Overall, no significant publication bias was found.ConclusionsHigher Hcy levels, lower educational attainment, and decreased physical activity were particularly strong predictors of incident AD. Further studies are needed to support other potential modifiable protective factors, such as caffeine.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2014

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“…Two prospective observational studies have reported lower risks of dementia or AD in participants consuming increased amounts of antioxidants in food [139,140] while other research groups have failed to observe such an association [141,142]. One of these groups has extended their analysis and observed that α-and γ-tocopherol taken in food had independent but equivalent reduction in risk for AD [143].…”

Section: Epidemiologic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free radical-mediated damage to brain in Alzheimer's disease and its transgenic mouse models

Sonnen¹,

Breitner²,

Lovell³

et al. 2008

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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“…For example, the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study [42] showed that treatment with vitamin E could be helpful for a delay in the disease progression timing in moderately severe Alzheimer's disease patients; while in another clinical study the results did not go in the same direction [43]. Discouraging results have been obtained also in clinical trials with Vitamin C (for which almost same antioxidant principles could apply) and/or vitamin E [44]. Although another attractive hypothesis to be mentioned is the ''cobalaminergic'' [45] elaborated by the low CSF and serum vitamin B12 levels evidences in Alzheimer's patients [46,47], vitamin B12 is biochemically, and nutritionally intimately related to folic acid [19], for which a specific chapter should be held.…”

Section: Disease Mechanism(s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic and Brain Metabolic Dysfunction as a New Paradigm for Approaching Alzheimer’s Dementia

et al. 2006

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Since its definition Alzheimer's disease has been at the centre of consideration for neurologists, psychiatrists, and pathologists. With John P. Blass it has been disclosed a different approach Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration understanding not only by the means of neurochemistry but also biochemistry opening new scenarios in the direction of a metabolic system degeneration. Nowadays, the understanding of the role of cholesterol, insulin, and adipokines among the others in Alzheimer's disease etiopathogenesis is clarifying approaches valuable not only in preventing the disease but also for its therapy.

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Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease in Community-Dwelling Elders Taking Vitamin C and/or Vitamin E

Abstract: In this community in the southeastern US where vitamin supplement use is low, use of vitamins C and/or E did not delay the incidence of dementia or AD.

Cited by 93 publications

References 28 publications

Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Free radical-mediated damage to brain in Alzheimer's disease and its transgenic mouse models

Systemic and Brain Metabolic Dysfunction as a New Paradigm for Approaching Alzheimer’s Dementia

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