Demanda psicossocial e demanda física no trabalho: iniquidades segundo raça/cor

Abstract

Resumo Este estudo de corte transversal investigou a associação entre raça/cor autorrelatada e dois desfechos - demanda psicossocial e demanda física no trabalho - em 1.032 trabalhadores da Limpeza Urbana e da Indústria Calçadista, na Bahia. Mensurou-se demanda psicossocial por meio do Job Content Questionnaire e demanda física, com questões sobre posturas e manuseio de carga. Regressão de Cox forneceu razões de prevalência (RP) ajustadas por idade, sexo e escolaridade. Entre os pretos há maior proporção de coletores de lixo e menor proporção de cargos de supervisão. Trabalhadores pretos estão mais submetidos à alta demanda psicológica e à baixo controle e, consequentemente, à mais alta exigência no trabalho (RP=1,65). Ademais, são mais expostos ao trabalho com braços elevados (RP=1,93) e ao manuseio de carga (RP=1,62), comparados com brancos. Pardos estão mais expostos ao baixo controle (RP=1,36), ao trabalho com braços elevados (RP=1,48) e com manuseio de carga (RP=1,25), também comparados com brancos. Apoio social é mais baixo entre os pretos e pardos. O estudo demonstrou iniquidades nas exposições psicossocial e física no trabalho que estão em acordo com a concepção estrutural do racismo e sua evidência pode contribuir para condutas que ampliem a equidade no mundo do trabalho.

Highly Educated Black Americans Report Higher than Expected Perceived Job Demands

“…18 A growing body of research suggests that higher levels of education do not protect Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) individuals from disproportionately high perceived job demands and occupational strain in the same way as their White counterparts. 35,36 In some studies, minority employees with higher education and degrees tend to report and face greater workplace psychological demands compared to equally qualified White employees, including heightened experiences of time pressure, mental workload, and role conflict 10,19 . Despite controlling for education, systemic inequities and cultural biases persist in organizational contexts, resulting in BIPOC employees exerting additional effort to prove competence, overcome stereotypes, and manage marginalization stressors alongside substantial work responsibilities-an experience dubbed the "double burden".…”

“…This is not the case for Black people with higher educational attainment, who are considered to have lower environmental protections than White individuals. 19 The positive association between educational attainment and increased perceived job demands in the workplace holds much importance. In turn, it is important to identify whether race modifies this relationship.…”

The multidimensional construct of precarious work, the future of work, and workers’ health

“…Institutional and systematic racism is observed, expressed in the exposure to occupational risks, predominantly among black and brown people. Black people are more exposed to arduous physical work, handling loads and using strength, with inadequate posture, and are highly subjected to psychosocial stressors 11 . Despite the short length of employment in urban cleaning, workers who remain in this occupation for longer time have a higher prevalence of multisite pain, especially associated with load handling 12 .…”