Demand-side policy: Global evidence base and implementation patterns

Abstract

Demand-side management (DSM) policy refers to government policies for managing energy consumption in order to meet environmental and energy security objectives. The broader term of DSM encompasses energy efficiency, demand response, and on-site generation and storage. A comprehensive meta-evaluation of the global evidence base for demand-side policy is lacking in the literature, and this paper contributes to filling this research gap. The paper focuses on the quality of the evidence base and policy implementation patterns, and identifies 30 countries and 36 sub-national states across six continents that have implemented DSM policies and produced high-quality ex-post evaluations of those policies. The 690 high quality evaluations are primarily conducted by industry rather than by governments or academia. The results show that twelve types of individual DSM policy and nine DSM policy packages have been implemented and evaluated, and that carbon emissions reduction is the primary driver for DSM policies. The evidence base is greatest in the USA, UK, California, France and China, and alternative utility business models (such as performance targets and decoupling policies), information campaigns, loans and subsidies, utility obligations, and performance standards are the most commonly implemented and evaluated policies. This paper argues that demand-side policy will play an increasingly important role as a complement to low carbon activities on the supply-side in the transition to a more environmentally sustainable energy system.

The role of climate finance beyond renewables: demand-side management and carbon capture, usage and storage

“…Systematic scoping reviews are a type of evidence review that are narrower in scope than systematic reviews, but are resource-efficient in their ability to be conducted quickly whilst remaining comprehensive and robust (Warren, 2018a). The two thematic evidence reviews (for DSM and CCUS) were undertaken following an evidence review protocol that applied systematic review techniques.…”

“…Quality assessment scales are an important part of evidence reviews, as they ensure that each relevant document in the final sample is of a high enough quality to be used in the synthesis (Warren, 2018a). This research adopted a scale that has been used in a number of energy and climate research projects commissioned by the UK Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS), such as BEIS (2017a; 2017b; 2016a; 2016b).…”

Developing operation of combined cooling, heat, and power system based on energy hub in a micro-energy grid: The application of energy storages

“…El-Zonkoly 27 discusses that the proposed algorithm is to minimize the overall operational cost including consumed electrical/gas energy cost, generated energy cost, energy loss cost, and cost of unserved energy. Warren 28 demonstrates that demand-side policy plays an increasingly influential role as a complement to low carbon emission on the supply side in the revolution to a more environmentally sustainable energy system. Chen et al discuss an optimization method proposed for a CCHP in a smart grid.…”

“…1,3,4,7,9,13,16,[18][19][20]22,[24][25][26][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]47 • The lack of the application of renewable resources for optimum operation of the CCHP micro-grid as in literature. [3][4][5]8,9,11,22,28,29,32,33 • The lack of the modeling of energy system with the help of MILP method to accomplish an optimum answer with global optimum type as in literature. 2,3,5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][14][15][16][17]…”

“…[3][4][5]8,9,11,22,28,29,32,33 • The lack of the modeling of energy system with the help of MILP method to accomplish an optimum answer with global optimum type as in literature. 2,3,5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]35,37 A look at the shortcomings and gaps in past studies (as reviewed above) and the analysis of the results prove the significance of the present research. The study seeks to evaluate the impact of adding (applying) ESs to an MEG in the presence of renewable resources.…”