Demand side management in refrigeration applications

Arteconi, Alessia; Polonra, Fabio

doi:10.18280/ijht.35sp0108

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Figure 1 illustrates the concept of DR. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) of buildings provides the largest possible source for this energy saving and energy shifting potential [4,5]. The opportunities for realizing demand response vary across Europe, as they are dependent on the particular regulatory, market and technical contexts in different European countries [4].…”

Section: Context and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Dispatch of Aggregated HVAC Units for Demand Response: An Industry 4.0 Approach

et al. 2019

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Demand response (DR) involves economic incentives aimed at balancing energy demand during critical demand periods. In doing so DR offers the potential to assist with grid balancing, integrate renewable energy generation and improve energy network security. Buildings account for roughly 40% of global energy consumption. Therefore, the potential for DR using building stock offers a largely untapped resource. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems provide one of the largest possible sources for DR in buildings. However, coordinating the real-time aggregated response of multiple HVAC units across large numbers of buildings and stakeholders poses a challenging problem. Leveraging upon the concepts of Industry 4.0, this paper presents a large-scale decentralized discrete optimization framework to address this problem. Specifically, the paper first focuses upon the real-time dispatch problem for individual HVAC units in the presence of a tertiary DR program. The dispatch problem is formulated as a non-linear constrained predictive control problem, and an efficient dynamic programming (DP) algorithm with fixed memory and computation time overheads is developed for its efficient solution in real-time on individual HVAC units. Subsequently, in order to coordinate dispatch among multiple HVAC units in parallel by a DR aggregator, a flexible and efficient allocation/reallocation DP algorithm is developed to extract the cost-optimal solution and generate dispatch instructions for individual units. Accurate baselining at individual unit and aggregated levels for post-settlement is considered as an integrated component of the presented algorithms. A number of calibrated simulation studies and practical experimental tests are described to verify and illustrate the performance of the proposed schemes. The results illustrate that the distributed optimization algorithm enables a scalable, flexible solution helping to deliver the provision of aggregated tertiary DR for HVAC systems for both aggregators and individual customers. The paper concludes with a discussion of future work.

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Section: Context and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Dispatch of Aggregated HVAC Units for Demand Response: An Industry 4.0 Approach

et al. 2019

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“…It can be a thermally stratified chilled water storage (sensible TES) or an ice storage (latent TES) [30]. A TES can convey several benefits: improving the refrigeration equipment efficiency, reducing the installed capacity, increasing the operational flexibility, and reducing energy costs, because cold is produced during off-peak periods and used during on-peak periods.…”

Section: Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical operational strategies of such systems are full storage and partial storage strategies, as shown in Figure 1 [31]. [29,30]. (A) A full storage strategy shifts the entire peak cooling load to off-peak hours.…”

Section: Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Demand Side Management Potential and the Energy Flexibility of Heat Pumps in Buildings

Arteconi

Polonara

2018

Energies

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Abstract:The energy demand in buildings represents a considerable share of the overall energy use. Given the significance and acknowledged flexibility of thermostatically controlled loads, they represent an interesting option for the implementation of demand side management (DSM) strategies. In this paper, an overview of the possible DSM applications in the field of air conditioning and heat pumps is provided. In particular, the focus is on the heat pump sector. Three case studies are analyzed in order to assess the energy flexibility provided by DSM technologies classified as energy efficient devices, energy storage systems, and demand response programs. The load shifting potential, in terms of power and time, is evaluated by varying the system configuration. Main findings show that energy efficient devices perform strategic conservation and peak shaving strategies, energy storage systems perform load shifting, while demand response programs perform peak shaving and valley filling strategies.

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“…The relevance of heat pumps is also increasing, in 2015 about 800,000 units were sold in EU-21 and they make possible a 50 % reduction of the building sector's CO 2 emissions [4]. Thus, the refrigeration sector needs to be accurately investigated to look for energy reduction and energy management strategies [5]. Among the systems used in the refrigeration sector to reduce energy consumption, the Water Loop Heat Pump (WLHP) system was introduced years ago to take advantage of both distributed heating/cooling generation with local control and low condensing temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand side management analysis of a commercial water loop heat pump system

Coccia

Arteconi²,

D’Agaro³

et al. 2018

MMC_C

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Demand side management (DSM) strategies can be used to reduce customers' demand at peak times, change the timing of end-use consumption from high to low-cost periods and increase consumption during off-peak periods. They can be implemented by using the energy flexibility available in the final users' applications, energy storages or control systems to turn on/off end-users' devices when required. Being intensive energy consumers because of a high electric energy demand (refrigeration accounts for about 40 % of the yearly energy consumption), supermarkets are ideal candidates for a DSM approach. This work shows the results of a DSM analysis carried out for a refrigeration and HVAC plant in a supermarket coupled with a Water Loop Heat Pump (WLHP) system. The water loop is used as a heat source/sink for the refrigeration unit supplying the cooling capacity required by food preservation, and for several heat pumps, which provide heating/cooling inside the supermarket building. The system is modelled in TRNSYS and the role of the water loop and its thermal inertia to provide energy flexibility is investigated. The system design and control strategy are modified in order to reduce the electricity costs in presence of demand response programs based on real-time price mechanisms.

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Demand side management in refrigeration applications

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Optimal Dispatch of Aggregated HVAC Units for Demand Response: An Industry 4.0 Approach

Optimal Dispatch of Aggregated HVAC Units for Demand Response: An Industry 4.0 Approach

Assessing the Demand Side Management Potential and the Energy Flexibility of Heat Pumps in Buildings

Demand side management analysis of a commercial water loop heat pump system

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